Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Manufactured Building Materials
1. One of the building materials used in a construction is a brick. The production of a brick was industrialized in the 19th century. Earlier it was a process of hand-molding. Later it was superseded by «pressed» bricks. It was a mass production by a mechanical extrusion process. In this way clay was squeezed by «pressed» through a rectangular die as a continuous column and sliced to size by a wire cutter. Periodically fired kilns were used. Bricks were moved slowly on a conveyor belt. New methods considerably reduced the cost of a brick. That's why it became one of the constituent building materials of the age.
2. Rapid development of timber technology was in the 19th century in North America. It could be explained by large softwood fir's forests and pine trees. There they were used as industrial methods. Steam- and water-powered sawmills began producing standard-dimension timbers in the 1820s. The production of cheap machine-made nails began in the 1830s. It provided other necessary ingredient – a balloon frame. That made possible a major innovation in building construction.
3. The first example was a warehouse erected in Chicago in 1832 by George W. Snow. There was a great demand for small buildings of alt types settled on North American continent. Light timber frame provided a quick, flexible, inexpensive solution to this problem. Heavy timbers and complex joinery were abandoned in the balloon frame system.
4. The building walls were framed with 5x10-centimetre (2x4-mch) vertical members. They were placed at 40 centimeters (16 inches) from the centre. This supplied a roof and floor Joists, usually 5x25 centimeters (2x10 inches) and placed 40 centimeters (16 inches) apart and were capable of spanning up to six meters (20 feet).
Определите основную идею текста.
Manufactured Building Materials
1. One of the building materials used in a construction is a brick. The production of a brick was industrialized in the 19th century. Earlier it was a process of hand-molding. Later it was superseded by «pressed» bricks. It was a mass production by a mechanical extrusion process. In this way clay was squeezed by «pressed» through a rectangular die as a continuous column and sliced to size by a wire cutter. Periodically fired kilns were used. Bricks were moved slowly on a conveyor belt. New methods considerably reduced the cost of a brick. That's why it became one of the constituent building materials of the age.
2. Rapid development of timber technology was in the 19th century in North America. It could be explained by large softwood fir's forests and pine trees. There they were used as industrial methods. Steam- and water-powered sawmills began producing standard-dimension timbers in the 1820s. The production of cheap machine-made nails began in the 1830s. It provided other necessary ingredient – a balloon frame. That made possible a major innovation in building construction.
3. The first example was a warehouse erected in Chicago in 1832 by George W. Snow. There was a great demand for small buildings of alt types settled on North American continent. Light timber frame provided a quick, flexible, inexpensive solution to this problem. Heavy timbers and complex joinery were abandoned in the balloon frame system.
4. The building walls were framed with 5x10-centimetre (2x4-mch) vertical members. They were placed at 40 centimeters (16 inches) from the centre. This supplied a roof and floor Joists, usually 5x25 centimeters (2x10 inches) and placed 40 centimeters (16 inches) apart and were capable of spanning up to six meters (20 feet).
Определите основную идею текста.
- The invention of a balloon frame made possible a major innovation in building construction.
- Timber technology developed in North America because it was rich with fir forests and pine-trees.
- Brick became one of the constituent building materials of the 19th and 20th centuries because of its low cost.
- Numerous innovations and inventions of the 19th century made the building construction easier and cheaper.
Внимание! Верный ответ отмечен зелёным цветом.
Загрузка ответа...
Если через несколько секунд ответ не появился, то проверьте соединение с интернетом и нажмите на кнопку