Тема Чтение профессионально-ориентированного текста
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By 2050, cars will turn on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed of the car and there won’t be any accidents. Today, many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Exercises are necessary and very important to every person.
Physically inactive people get old earlier than those who exercise.
If you do daily exercises you feel refreshed, you have good posture. Good posture lifts spirits. Poor posture often causes fatigue.
Pay attention to the way you stand, walk and sit. Make up your mind that you will do your daily exercises 10 minutes without fail - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
People started travelling in the ancient times. The first travellers were pilgrims, nomads and explorers. Travelling was really dangerous in those days, but there were always brave and daring people who went on discovering new lands, in search of wealth and fame.
Nowadays things have changed significantly - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Only at the end of the 19th century electricity began to play its part in modern civilization. The man who achieved more in this field of practical engineering than any of his contemporaries was the American inventor, Thomas Alva Edison. He became interested in the problem of electric lighting. He knew what had been done in the field of electric lighting before his time, and he had seen some devices of his contemporaries, such as arc-lamp illuminations, which had been installed here and there. Two sticks of carbon, nearly touching, can be made to produce an electric arc which closes the circuit. Many scientists and inventors working in this field knew that only incandescent electric light - produced by some substance glowing in a vacuum so that it cannot burn up - could be used instead of gas lighting - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Old Vic Theatre is famous for its Shakespeare productions. The theatre was opened in 1818. The interior was beautifully decorated, one of the most famous features was the famous curtain, which consisted of sixty-three pieces of looking-glass and reflected the whole house. As it was too heavy, it had to be removed. In 1914 the first regular Shakespeare season was given - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Meat preservation helps to control spoilage by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, slowing enzymatic activity, and preventing the oxidation of fatty acids that promote rancidity. There are many factors affecting the length of time meat products can be stored while maintaining product safety and quality. The physical state of meat plays a role in the number of microorganisms that can grow on meat. For example, grinding meat increases the surface area, releases moisture and nutrients from the muscle fibres, and distributes surface microorganisms throughout the meat. Chemical properties of meat, such as pH and moisture content, affect the ability of microorganisms to grow on meat. Natural protective tissues (fat and skin) can prevent microbial contamination, dehydration, or other undesirable changes. Covering meats with paper or protective plastic films prevents excessive moisture loss and microbial contamination - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Alexander Popov found a way of transmitting Morse code signals. In 1897 he sent the world’s first wireless telegram over a distance of 600 m and four years later the range of transmission was increased to 150 km. Ever since, thanks to the work of many scientists of the world, the methods of transmission and reception have been constantly improved. Nowadays radio communication has no limits - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Life is impossible without plants. They play a highly important role in everyday people’s life. Plants that are grown by farmers are known as farm crops. They are used for many different purposes. Most of them are used directly as food for people, some are consumed by farm animals, others are used in industry and medicine. In order to increase crop yields and animal products our farms apply widely intensive technologies - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Before going to a theatre you should book a ticket at a box-office. The most expensive seats are in the stalls, boxes and the dress-circle. The seats in the balcony, pit and the upper circle are less expensive, they are cheap. Then at the entrance to the theatre the attendant tears your theatre ticket in half - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Another Russian scientist Yablochkov made a great contribution to the development of electrical science. It was Yablochkov who created the principle of a transformer. It is he who found the first practical application of the electric arc.
Thanks to Lodygin’s great discovery, an electric lamp lights up our rooms.
Popov transmitted signals by means of electromagnetic waves and gave the world his great discovery - radio.
It is Lebedev who discovered and measured the pressure of light. The photoelectric effect was among the numerous discoveries of the famous Russian scientist Stoletov.
However, it is impossible even to list here the great inventions and discoveries that our scientists made in various fields of science and engineering - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Nowadays people who go on business mostly travel by air, as it is the fastest means of travelling.
Here are a few hints on air travel that may be helpful:
Passengers are requested to arrive at the airport two hours before departure time on international flights and an hour on domestic flights as there must be enough time to complete the necessary airport formalities - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Music is an integral part of our life. We enjoy music because it influences our mood and imagination, reflects our inner state and character, arouses deep emotions and makes us think. It helps us to remove from tiredness and tension or find new strength, get new energy and optimism. That’s why we can say that all kinds of music are popular with public: classical and pop music, folk music and jazz, operas, musicals, orchestral performances, chamber music, rock and roll, heavy metal, rap, rock, hard rock, rave and so on. For this reason music festivals which are held annually gather large audience - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Writing about a book will help you to remember it. After completing a novel, you may wish to enter in your notebook information suggested by the following headings: title, author, plot, characters with a brief description of each, setting, theme or central idea, humorous remarks or happenings, sentences worth quoting, interesting new words, reasons for liking or disliking the book - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Most of Japan’s land cannot be used for growing crops because it is mountainous. The land that can be used for crop cultivation is used intensively in order to provide people with food.
The best farm land is around Jokohama and Tokyo. The climate and soil here are good for growing crops.
Rice is the most important food for the Japanese people. They grow much rice. It is grown in standing water in fields. When rice is mature the water is drained and the plants are harvested with special machines.
Another very important crop in this country is sweet potato. It is widely grown on the higher lands.
There are also fields of other crops such as wheat, barley and corn - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
I should say that it is impossible not to love theatre. It shows us how beautiful, strong and clever people are, how wonderful and interesting life is. That’s why it is almost impossible to get tickets when a good play is on. You have to buy tickets beforehand either at the box-office of the theatre itself or at one of the agencies - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Glass has been made into practical or decorative objects since ancient times. Glass blowing was probably developed in the first century BC in Syria. With this technique the possibilities for shaping glass into different forms became endless.
The Roman Empire used glass more than any other ancient civilization. Romans adopted the technique from the Syrians and glass soon became fashionable - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
After the passenger has disembarked, officials will check his passport and visa. In some countries they will check the passenger's certificate of vaccination. The traveller is also requested to go through an AIDS check within ten or fourteen days of his/her arrival in the country - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Flight schedules are subjects to change. Different obligatory check-in time have to be observed at each airport. You will find these published in the special timetables. Please, be sure to check in not late than the time given. Usually a passenger should check in and arrive at the boarding gate at least one hour prior to domestic flights and two hours prior to international flights - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
When you go to the theatre you should know that the best seats are those in the stalls, the circle and the upper circle. Then comes the pit and last of all the gallery where the seats are the cheapest. Boxes, of course, are the most expensive. It is true to every theatre where you can see opera, ballet, comedy, drama, musical comedy or a variety show. Most theatres and music-halls have good orchestras with popular conductors. So if you have chosen a good play you will enjoy it thoroughly from the moment the curtain goes up to the end of the last act - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
We study one of the modern languages at school. It is English. It’s my favourite subject. At the lessons of English we learn to read, write and speak. We learn the History and Geography of our country, Great Britain and the USA. We read stories after famous English and American children’s writers. I like stories after Alan Milne, Donald Bisset, Lewis Carroll, Mark Twain and others. I want to be clever at English because English will help me in my future life. I will read books in English, watch films and listen to the songs and understand them. But what is more important, I will speak with people from other countries and we’ll understand each other. We’ll make friends and will live in peace - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Running is excellent exercise. Before you start running, you should warm up first, using slow movement that makes all your muscles work. But be careful! If you stretch when your muscles are cold, you might do yourself an injury. Always wear comfortable clothing and make sure your trainers are in good shape. If you wear shoes that give good support to your whole foot, you will put less pressure on your knees. You should start exercising slowly, at a pace you can keep up for about 15-20 minutes. Try to exercise on soft ground as this will protect your knees and hips from too much stress - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Approximately one third of our life is spent asleep but when I started to think about sleep, I realized that my mind was completely blank. One day I went to spend a weekend with Dr Hernandez, director of the local Sleep Laboratory.
First of all I wanted to know why we sleep. Dr Hernandez said: “Well, years ago we didn’t really know, but recent science has shown that people who don’t sleep enough soon get ill and often die.”
I wondered if our bodies experience any changes while we sleep. Dr Hernandez replied: “In some stages of sleep the heart rate and our breathing slow down but in other stages the opposite happens – the heart rate increases and our breathing becomes quite rapid. During the night our body temperature drops by one or two degrees too.” - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
The combination of metals and non-metals is known as an alloy. For example, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. The alloy of copper and zinc is known as brass. The properties of alloys are often better than the properties of their constituents. That is why the majority of engineering products are made of various alloys - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Some people go to private doctors to get private treatment, though this is expensive.
Health service isn’t paid for in the United States. There is no government health service. People buy insurance, but it doesn’t pay for everything. Hospital rooms can cost as much as two hundred dollars a day, and very often the patients have to buy their own necessities. Sometimes they pay for their treatment for the rest of their lives - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Animal husbandry, a branch of agricultural production, includes the breeding of farm animals and their use. Farm animals are highly important sources of food for man. They are known to produce highly nutritious products such as milk, meat and eggs. In addition, the skin of animals, down and feather of poultry and wool of sheep are used as raw materials to produce clothing and for many other purposes - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Modern life is impossible without travelling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea or by road.
Of course, travelling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
With Audio-Forum’s intermediate and advanced materials, it's easy to maintain and sharpen your foreign-language skills.
Besides intermediate and advanced audiocassette courses - most developed for the State Department - we offer foreign-language mystery dramas, dialogs recorded in Paris, games, music, and many other helpful materials. And if you want to learn a new language, we have beginning courses for adults and for children.
We offer introductory and advanced materials in most of the world's languages: French, German, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Mandarin, Greek, Russian, Arabic, Korean, and others. 264 courses in 91 languages. Our 22nd year - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Electricity is the power that has made possible the engineering progress of today. In fact, electricity has always been with a man, but only within the last few centuries he has learned to apply it.
One hundred years ago there were neither electric lamps, nor electric motors, nor telephone, nor radio. Now electricity is everywhere. We use electricity in our homes and in buildings where we work or study. Electric lamps light our rooms. The uses of electricity in our homes do not end with producing light. How many electric motors are working in our homes! Electric motors operate washing machines, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, fans, clocks, and other electrical appliances - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Concrete is considered to be a universal material for construction. Different kinds of concrete can be used practically for every building purpose. The raw materials for producing concrete can be found in every part of the world. The main property that makes concrete so popular is that it can be formed into strong monolithic slabs. Another good quality is its relatively low cost. Besides, concrete is known to be fire- and decay-resistant - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
It all started in 1989, when the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, in response to the consistently poor math scores of U.S. children, issued new standards overhauling math education. Out went the stalwarts of traditional math: the rote memorization drills, the droning chalkboard lectures. In came the cool stuff: calculators, open-ended problems, exercises that encourage kids to discover their own route to the right answer - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
All plants require certain conditions of the environment for their best growth and development. The most important of them are water, soil, sunlight and temperature.
Proper temperature is also essential for crop production. The optimum temperature for germination and growth varies with different kinds of crops. Grain crops such as wheat and barley, for instance, grow at lower temperature than cotton and corn. Many crops are more adapted to the temperature conditions than to colder or warmer environment - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
The study of electricity began with Dr. Gilbert who lived at about the same time as Galileo. In 1600 he wrote a book describing experiments on electricity and magnetism.
Russia played an important part in the development of electrical science. In spite of difficult conditions under which the scientists and inventors had to work in tsarist Russia they discovered electrical phenomena of great importance. In addition to that Russian scientists and inventors always tried to find practical application for the phenomena discovered - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
When my uncle was 65 years old he could not walk without a stick. His right leg hurt him very much. He consulted a doctor. The doctor examined him carefully. He sent the patient to X-ray and when my uncle brought the X-ray picture the doctor gave him heat treatment, massage and exercises twice or three times a week for three months. At the end of that time the doctor advised him to keep up the exercises every day. My uncle carried out all his instructions and the pain grew less and the old man could walk without a stick - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Walls are built to enclose areas and carry the weight of floors and roofs. The walls may be solid or hollow. The materials used for the wall construction can be brick, stone, concrete and other natural and artificial materials.
Roofs cover the building and protect it from exposure to weather. They tie the walls and give the construction strength and firmness - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
The whole life of a nurse is devoted to people. She is responsible for her patient. Every nurse must have enough knowledge of her work. She must help her patients at any hour of the day or night. That’s why you should know how to help a person in different situations - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
The clinical medicine and safeguard of people’s health greatly developed in Roman times. The name of Galen is widely known. Galen worked first as a surgeon at a school for gladiators. He went to Rome when he was thirty-two years old and there he had much practice, but he continued to experiment on living animals, especially apes and pigs. The Roman army always had a well organized service of surgeons. The school for gladiators was an ideal school for training in surgery - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Copper is a red metal. It is harder and stronger than aluminium and more flexible than steel. Electric wires are generally made of copper because this metal has a high electric conductivity. However, copper is heavier than aluminium and steel - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Doctor Lennox is a radio doctor. She answers listeners’ questions about medical problems.
Hello, Doctor Lennox. Well, three days ago I fell over and cut my arm. There was a little blood, but it quickly stopped and I forgot about it. Now the wound is painful and red. It hurts when I touch it. I also think I may have a fever. I feel a little hot and quite weak. Do you think I should see my doctor - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
The term ‘antibiotics’ means (anti-against, bios-life) ‘against life’. It shows that antibiotics kill some of the simple organisms.
The effect of antibiotics was discovered by Fleming in 1929. Penicillin was the first of the antibiotics. It is effective against many infections. Penicillin is given orally, intramuscularly and topically - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
The students of the technical school were carrying out the experiment with a multimeter in the lab last week. They were checking a mains socket in the wall and they were following all the safety instructions. Paul was using two probes that time. While he was inserting them into two terminals of the socket, his groupmate Alex was turning the function selector switch to the VAC (voltage alternating current) range. The needle was indicating the pressure of electricity, i.e. the voltage in the mains. Everybody was watching the indications on the volts scale. It was 220 volts. Next time they are planning to measure the current in a table lamp - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Mellaril
Indication: For nervous aged patients with senile phychosis.
For patients with disorderly behaviour, sudden changes in mood.
Mellaril helps to calm nervous patients. It reduces nervousness, anxiety, excitement.
Dosage: The doctor will prescribe the daily number of tablets for the patient - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
A man slipped and injured his leg. The man’s friend called an ambulance and when it arrived, transported him to the hospital. Two orderlies carried him to the receiving – ward on a stretcher and placed him on a couch. The man complained of a bad pain in his leg and suffered very much. The surgeon examined the patient carefully. His ankle and foot were swollen, but the skin was normal in colour - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Hiking is very popular among the youth. The sun’s rays, sleep and games in the open air are very important for young men. Grown-ups people also like hiking. The sun and the air are good medicines.
Walking and running are very good exercises. You must breathe through your nose when you run.
Learn how to play and learn to play well - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Floors belong to one of the most important functional components of a building. Floors influence the acoustics of a room: it depends on whether a hard or soft flooring is used. Floors also react in various ways with light. Some flooring materials are known to produce mirrorlike reflection. As to dark flooring materials, they, on the contrary, absorb light and this absorption makes a room darker. As to light materials, they reflect light and help create a lighter and brighter room - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
The age of space exploration began in 1957, when Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union. The first successful manned flight took place in 1961, when Yuri Gagarin was shot into space. This triggered the ‘space race’ between the USA and the USSR, culminating in the moon landing in 1969. After this, there was something of an anticlimax and the number of manned missions dropped off, largely due to the end of the space race. Nevertheless, space probes like Pioneer and Voyager continued to be sent out in order to explore the neighboring planets such as Mars and Venus. The American shuttle and the Russian Mir Space Station were also ground-breaking, as they developed the practicalities of the space travel - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
It’s difficult to speak about music in general, because it will either take a lot of time or just one sentence to explain our attitude. Music is an integral part of our life. It is varied because it reflects different human emotions. If we ask several people what kind of music they like, all of them will give different answers. Tastes differ. But the world of music is boundless and everybody can find there something that satisfies his tastes and demands. And all the people will agree that our world will be dull without music - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Though sea, sun and sand are the same, people try to go to a different place every year, because fauna, and flora, and the air are different.
Spending holidays on the beach is a great rest though many people combine sunbathing with visiting museums and places of interest - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Windsor Castle dates back to Saxon times in the 9th century. The castle is situated above the north bank of the River Thames. In 1070, William I the Conqueror developed the present site and built the original fortress to protect London from enemy attacks, as it was only one day’s march from the city centre. Windsor Castle was converted to residential apartments for the monarchs and it is now the world’s oldest royal residence - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
Radio was invented in Russia. The world's first receiver was constructed in 1895 by the great Russian scientist Alexander Popov. There were no transmitters then, therefore his receiver could only pick up signals produced by lightning discharges during a thunderstorm. A. Popov demonstrated a device called a "storm indicator" at a meeting of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society in St. Petersburg on May 7, 1895. This day is marked now as Radio Day. Soon Alexander Popov found a way of transmitting Morse code signals. In 1897 he sent the world's first wireless telegram over a distance of 600 m and four years later the range of transmission was increased to 150 km. Nowadays radio communication has no limits - Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее содержанию текста
It was 25 years ago that the Condominium Act was enacted in Ontario. Over the intervening years, condominiums have changed in 1967 as a low-cost alternative to rental housing, condominiums are now not only a viable and financially responsible form of housing but they also offer a lifestyle that can be exotic or as basic as consumers desire