Тема Чтение текстов с извлечением нужной или интересующей информации (поисковое чтение)
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People in Britain are more likely to eat fast food than go out to eat in a posh restaurant. A hamburger and French fries is the most popular fast-food meal in Britain, but not all fast food is American. Kebab houses, often run by Greek or Turkish Cypriots, are also very popular.
People spend less time cooking now. An increasing number of people eat convenience food in the evenings. Convenience meals are already cooked – all you have to do is heat them up in the microwave.
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What is the most popular fast-food meal in Britain - Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
Who can win the elections?
The candidate with the largest number of these electoral votes wins the elections. In January of the following year, in a joint session of Congress, the new President and Vice-President are officially announced. And those who do vote can only make their choice practically between two sets of candidates – Democrats and Republicans whose political platforms are practically alike - Прочитайте текст
The great surgeon Pirogov was the initiator of the extensive use of anaesthesia during operations. When elsewhere in Europe anaesthesia was still a secret of individual doctors and a loud advertising hullabaloo was raised around one experimental operation made on January 19, 1847, by the obstetrician Simpson, Pirogov was already engaged in large-scale scientific experiments on painless operations.
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Who was the initiator of the extensive use of anaesthesia during operations - Прочитайте текст
Combine 100 g. butter with 2 tbsp fresh chopped herbs. Spread over slices of thin sliced white bread with the crusts removed. Any butter not used can be stored in the refrigerator until another day. Roll up the slices of bread into a thin sausage and cut into slices. Grill or bake until crispy. Allow 3 min under the grill and about 10 min in the oven.
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What ingredients do we combine - Прочитайте текст
After reading an article entitled “Cigarette Smoking and Your Health” I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enourmous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets for my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times.
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How long didn’t he smoke at all - Прочитайте текст
When students are 16 years old they may take an exam in various subjects in order to have a qualification. These qualifications can be either G. С. S. E. (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or «0 level» (Ordinary level). After that students can either leave school and start working or continue their studies in the same school as before. If they continue, when they are 18, they have to take further examinations which are necessary for getting into university or college.
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Why do the students have to take further exams after G. C. S. E. or «0 level» - Прочитайте текст
Last summer some students of our group went to Siberia in order to work at a new plant producing equipment for mechanical and chemical processing of timber. But from July 15 till the end of August my friends and I worked on a big collective farm not far from our city.
We liked the work on the farm very much. The chairman asked us to come again in spring when the farmers plow the soil and sow different crops. But next spring we are to go to Central Asia to see the new irrigation and drainage schemes and all the land reclamation work that is being done there.
To work on the farm and to see different agricultural processes is very useful for students of agricultural department.
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Why are the students to go to Central Asia next spring - Прочитайте текст
At 16 pupils take a national exam called "GCSE" (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and then they can leave school if they wish. This is the end of compulsory education.
Some 16-year-olds continue their studies in the sixth form at school or at a sixth form college. The sixth form prepares pupils for a national exam called "A" level (advanced level) at 18. You need "A" level to enter a university. Other 16-year-olds choose to go to a college of further education to study for more practical (vocational) diplomas relating to the world of work, such as hairdressing, typing or mechanics.
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Why do you need advanced level exam - Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
Where are steels of low carbon content used?
The most important metal in industry is iron and its alloy – steel. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is strong but corrodes easily through rusting, although stainless and other special steels resist corrosion. The amount of carbon in steel influences its properties considerably. Steels of low carbon content (mild steels) are quite ductile and are used in the manufacture of sheet iron, wire and pipes. Medium-carbon steels containing from 0.2 to 0.4 per cent carbon are tougher and stronger and are used as structural steels. Both mild and medium-carbon steels are suitable for forging and welding. High-carbon steels contain from 0.4 to 1.5 per cent carbon, are hard and brittle and are used in cutting tools, surgical instruments, razor blades and springs. Tool steel also called silver steel, contains about 1 per cent carbon and it is strengthened and toughened by quenching and tempering - Прочитайте текст
There were some good ideas that the McDonald brothers used and the customers were very pleased. They got their meals very quickly – in less than a minute – they paid only 15 cents for hamburges and 10 cents for fries. The first McDonald’s restaurant had no seats for customers to sit on. This meant that people had to take their food away, and that no one had to clean up any tables after them.
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Why were the customers very pleased - Прочитайте текст
Combine the all stuffing ingredients. Fill the cavity of the chicken with stuffing and secure with a toothpick. Brush the chicken with extra melted butter. Place the chicken on a rack, breast – side down, for 16 – 18 min. Turn over, cook for further 16 – 18 min.
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Where do we place the chicken - Прочитайте текст
You should never eat too many sweets. But scientists have discovered that if you eat chocolate, it may improve your health. Chocolate contains chemicals that help protect your body against heart disease and cancer. If you eat dark chocolate, the result will be even better: it has more beneficial chemicals than lighter milk chocolate.
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What have scientists discovered - Прочитайте текст
When the Spanish adventurer Hernбn Cortйs went to Mexico in 1519, he was looking for gold and riches to take back to Spain. And he found something else, too: the people of Mexico called it cbocolatl – we call it chocolate.
The people who lived in Mexico at that time were called the Aztecs. The Aztecs had learnt to take the seeds from cacao tree and grind them to a powder, called cocoa. Cocoa powder is full of food energy. When cocoa is mixed with milk, the result is chocolate. Chocolate is now a favourite sweet all over the world.
A lot of the world’s cocoa today comes from African countries. Cameroon, Cфte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria are the main African cocoa producers. Brazil and Ecuador, in South America, are the other main cocoa producing countries.
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Where does a lot of the world’s chocolate today come from - Прочитайте текст
At the age of seven the children go to junior schools and stay there till they are eleven. Real school begins. The lessons are more formal. There are different subjects on the timetable. Children study English, Maths, History, Nature Study, Geography, Art, Music, Physical Education (PE), Handicraft and Religion.
By the way, English children go to school five days a week. On Saturday and Sunday they have their days off. Classes usually begin at nine and are over at 4 o’clock. Children have lunch at school. In many primary schools pupils don’t wear uniforms. But some schools have special uniforms. School year starts in September and is over in summer, in July.
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How much time are children at school on their classes - Прочитайте текст
Last summer some students of our group went to Siberia in order to work at a new plant producing equipment for mechanical and chemical processing of timber. But from July 15 till the end of August my friends and I worked on a big collective farm not far from our city.
Some of our girls worked as milkmaids. It was not difficult for them to do their work, as there are several milking machines on the farm. Both of my friends worked as tractor drivers. They were to begin their work early in the morning and sometimes had to stay in the field rather late. A group of students helped the farmers to build a new barn for cattle.
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What did a group of students help to build - Прочитайте текст
In 1422 A. Rublev was asked to return to his former monastery at Sergiev Posad to redecorate the walls of the Cathedral of the Trinity. At that time he painted his most famous icon “The Old Testament Trinity”. The subject of this icon is the visit of the three angels to Abraham. In this icon the severe Byzantine tradition has been transformed into something more intimately human.
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What is the subject of the Trinity - Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
Why were originally industrial robots designed?
Industrial robots, originally designed only to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to human workers, are now widely used to transfer, manipulate, and position both light and heavy workpieces performing all functions of a transfer machine.
In the 1920s the automobile industry for the first time used an integrated system of production. This method of production was adopted by most car manufacturers and became known as Detroit automation - Прочитайте текст
In the USA there are three levels of organization of medical service: the private doctor, the medical institution or hospital and the United State Public Health Service.
The average American has a doctor of his own, whom he calls his ‘family doctor’. The doctor gives the patient regular examinations, vaccinations and medical advice. This doctor receives pay directly from the patient.
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How many levels of organization of medical service are there in the USA - Прочитайте текст
Scotland has a number of universities established long ago. By the end of the Middle Ages Scotland had four universities at Edinburgh (founded 1583), Glasgow (founded 1450), Aberdeen (founded 1494) and St Andrew’s (founded 1411).
The University of Wales was founded in 1893. It consists of six colleges. The oldest university is St. David’s University College in Lampeter, founded in 1822.
Queen’s University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, was founded in 1845 as part of the Queen’s University of Ireland which had other colleges at Cork and Galway.
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Are Scottish Universities or the Universities of Wales older - Прочитайте текст
Some people have good memories and easily learn long poems by heart. But they often forget them quickly. Other people remember things when they say them over and over. A good memory is a great help.
The best way to remember things is to join them in our mind with something which we know already.
The human mind is like a camera, but it takes photographs not only of what we see but of what we feel, hear, smell and taste.
Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.
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Which way is the best to remember things - Прочитайте текст
The quality of concrete is known to depend on the properties of materials it consists of. The amount of constructing materials is also of great importance. Among the kinds of concrete used in modern construction there are plain concrete and reinforced, or ferro-concrete. The usage of plain concrete is practically limitless. As to ferro-concrete, it is mostly used for construction of foundations, columns, girders and beams. This kind of concrete is also rather popular for constructing bridges, dams and dock walls.
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The usage of what construction material is practically limitless - Прочитайте текст
There are different shapes. They are triangles, squares, rectangles and circles.
Triangles have three sides and three angles. Squares and rectangles have four sides. Squares have four equal sides, but rectangles have two equal sides. Circles do not have angles and sides.
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How many equal sides do squares have - Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
What is lead monoxide used for?
Lead is now a very expensive metal. At one time it was used extensively for roofing and for water piping because of its softness and resistance to corrosion. But later copper and iron have taken its place. Lead is a grey malleable metal which melts at 327 ̊C, which is low for a metal. Lead is still used for roofing and for making waste pipes and sink traps because it is easily bent into shape; storage battery (accumulator) plates; storage tanks for sulphuric acid; lead shot; solder; screens to stop harmful radiation from radioactive substances. Lead monoxide is used for making glass that is brilliant and sparkling, i.e. decorative tableware - Прочитайте текст.
One of the most famous statues in the world stands on an island in New York Harbor. This statue is, of course, the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is a woman who holds a torch up high. She symbolizes a welcome to a land of freedom. Visitors can go inside the statue. The statue is so large that as many as twelve people can stand inside the torch. Many more people can stand in other parts of the statue. The statue weighs 225 tons and is 301 feet tall. The statue of Liberty was put up in 1886. It was a gift to the United States from the people of France.
Информация, соответствующая данному тексту, содержится в предложениях … - Прочитайте текст
7% of all schoolchildren in England and 4% in Scotland go to independent school sector that is separate from the state educational system. Parents of pupils attending public schools can afford to pay for their education, and in some cases fees can be several thousand pounds a year.
About 250 of the larger independent schools are known for historical reasons as public schools. Eton, which was founded in 1440, is the first grammar school called a “public school” because pupils could come to it from any part of England.
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What pupils go to independent schools - Прочитайте текст
Last summer some students of our group went to Siberia in order to work at a new plant producing equipment for mechanical and chemical processing of timber. But from July 15 till the end of August my friends and I worked on a big collective farm not far from our city.
The farm is rather rich. It has large areas under field crops, vegetables and fruit trees. To improve soil fertility and to increase the yields the farmers use fertilizers. The fertilizers to be applied are produced at a big chemical plant situated not far from the farm. Many agricultural processes are mechanized and the most modern farm machinery is used both for crop cultivation and for livestock breeding.
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What do farmers use to improve soil fertility - Прочитайте текст
Computer keyboard is the set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data into a computer. Computer keyboards are similar to electric-typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys. The keys on computer keyboards are often classified as follows:
alphanumeric keys - letters and numbers;
punctuation keys - comma, period, semicolon, and so on;
special keys - function keys, control keys, arrow keys, Caps Lock key, and so on.
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What are computer keyboards similar to - Прочитайте текст
The Leonardo da Vinci Hall is one of the most gorgeous interiors. The hall is decorated in the style of 17 century French Baroque. The Hermitage possesses two, out of 12 or 14 works surviving from Leonardo. The Rembrandt collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum. It members 24 canvases.
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What collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum - Прочитайте текст
The first atomic ships were made in our country and abroad. They are: the atomic ice-breaker Lenin and the nuclear merchant ship Savannah.
The Savannah is an experimental ship. It can carry only 60 passengers and 10,000 tons of cargo, and its main purpose is to demonstrate the safety and practicability of a nuclear-powered ship. The nuclear reactor of the ship is surrounded by a ring of water, 82 cm thick, then by a 2,000 ton steel cylinder and by a mat of redwood and steel, 71 cm thick.
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What kind of ship is Savannah - Прочитайте текст
The Egyptian pyramids are huge structures which are almost 4600 years old. The Pyramid of Cheops consists of 2300000 stones. Each of the stones weighs 2.5 tonnes.
According to the usual explanation large blocks of stone were cut in the mountains and then transported with the help of the most primitive equipment. So about 100 thousand people had to take part in the construction.
But the modern experiments show that the stones of pyramids were made synthetically. The Egyptians produced some special solution. Later they mixed it with one of the minerals. It took them several hours to transform this mixture into very hard rock. This rock was produced just on the construction sites and so there was no need of transporting heavy stones.
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How much does each of the stones weigh - Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
What is the major purpose of cladding?
Cladding is a material used as the exterior wall enclosure of a building. The cladding of a building is its most visible part. Its major purpose is to separate the indoor environment of a building from the outdoors.
Cladding must prevent the entry of water, snow and ice into a building. Water on the face of a building is known to be driven by wind not only in a downward direction, but in every other direction, even upward.
Water problems, that is keeping water out, are especially great on very tall buildings. These buildings rise to height where wind velocities are extremely high.
They are much higher than a ground level. It should be taken into account that on tall buildings water tends to penetrate the smallest crack or hole and enter the building - Прочитайте текст
Some Americans with low income have no family doctor. They come directly to the hospital for all their medical needs. Here they are cared for by interns, residents and the doctors who work there.
The considerable cost of medical care has led to the development of two new programmes by the Federal Government – Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare provides free medical care for all the Americans over 65. Medicaid provides free medical care for all whose income is below a certain level.
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Where do some Americans with low income come for all their medical needs - Прочитайте текст
One of the world-wide known museums is the Hermitage. The word “Hermitage” means a place of solitude. This name was given in the XVIII century by Catherine II to her private museum housed in a small building adjacent to the Winter Palace and accessible only to the chosen few. In the course of time, the Hermitage grew into one of the greatest museums of the world.
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What does the word “Hermitage” mean - Прочитайте текст
Milan Havel
“My name is Milan Havel and I’m an assistant manager at the Hotel Ambassador in London. There are two assistant managers, and one of us is always on duty at busy times. The general manager has overall responsibility, of course, and we report directly to her. We are responsible for the day-to-day running of the hotel. We plan the work schedules, manage the accounts, and deal with any problems to do with staff or guests.
We have a staff of about 100 people. Basically, there are four departments, each with its own manager. Firstly, there’s front of the house – that’s receptionists, the people who deal with our guests on a daily basis. Then there’s housekeeping – all the services to do with the rooms. Then the banqueting and conference manager who organizes all the events that take place in the hotel. And finally, there’s the food and beverage manager.”
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What is Milan Havel responsible for - Прочитайте текст
Concrete is the name of artificial stone. The materials from which concrete is formed are sand, pieces of broken stone and cement mixed with water in suitable proportions. These materials are called ingredients of concrete. The sand and broken stone form the skeleton of concrete. Dry cement is an inert powder, but on the addition of water a chemical reaction takes place.
This causes the whole mix to set and harden forming a solid mix.
Water used in concrete mix is ordinary drinking water. It must be free from any impurities. The amount of water added influences the properties of concrete. Concrete products must be manufactured according with existing standards. Having chosen component materials builders must be well familiar with technology of concrete and use them in correct proportions.
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Which materials form the skeleton of concrete - Прочитайте текст
Medical technology will have conquered many diseases. Today, there are electronic devices that connect directly to the brain to help people heat. By 2050, we will be able to help blind and deaf people to see and hear again.
Scientists will have discovered clones of animals. By 2050, scientists will be able to produce clones of people, and decide how they look, how they behave and how much intelligence they have. Scientists will be able to do these things – but should they?
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What have scientists already produced - Прочитайте текст
Not long ago, Christopher Reeve had everything. He was a successful actor, famous for the Superman films. But in 1996, when he appeared at Hollywood’s Oscar ceremony, he went in a wheelchair.
Disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back. The doctors did not expect him to live. However, since then he has made remarkable progress. At first, he couldn’t breathe without a machine, but now he can breathe on his own. His personal campaign to promote research into spinal injuries is also impressive. Christopher has given talks all over the USA about his experiences. This has drawn attention to the issue of spinal injuries.
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What did Christopher Reeve break when he fell from his horse - Прочитайте текст
Homeopathy was invented in Germany about 200 years ago.
Homeopathic doctors believe that the symptoms of an illness are signs that the body trying to cure itself. To cure an illness, therefore, they give the patient something that produces the same symptoms in a healthy person.
Before a substance is used as a homeopathic remedy, it is tested by giving small doses of it to healthy persons to see what symptoms develop. For example, onions cause your eyes and nose to produce water. To cure colds, therefore, homeopathic doctors use an extract from onions.
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Where was homeopathy invented - Прочитайте текст
Erika, 25
“I’m a doctor in a large hospital. I work very long hours – 60 or 70 hours a week – often in the evenings and at weekends. The work is really interesting but it can also be quite stressful. I love my job and my colleagues are also my friends. I don’t have time for a social life. When I get home, I’m too tired to do anything except have dinner and watch TV.”
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Why does Erika have no time for a social life - Прочитайте текст
Your computer may have either one or two disk drives, which MS-DOS knows as drives A: and B:.
The default drive is the one which MS-DOS uses unless you tell it to do otherwise. It is shown by the prompt which MS-DOS displays:
A> drive A is the default drive
B> drive В is the default drive
Tо change the default disk drive, enter the new drive letter:
A> B: changes the default drive from A to В
B> A: changes the default drive from В to A
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Can the computer have only two disk drives - Прочитайте текст
The most important form of early Russian art was the icon. There was a large amount of painting, much of which has been lost. The word “icon” means “image” in Greek, but in the Christian era the term was used for religious pictures of Christ and saints on a wooden panal. With the spread of Christianity in the Slav world icons were produced in large numbers and used to decorate churches, mostly placed on the iconostasis.
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What was the most important form of early Russian art - Прочитайте текст
Homeopathy was invented in Germany about 200 years ago.
Homeopathic doctors believe that the symptoms of an illness are signs that the body trying to cure itself. To cure an illness, therefore, they give the patient something that produces the same symptoms in a healthy person.
Before a substance is used as a homeopathic remedy, it is tested by giving small doses of it to healthy persons to see what symptoms develop. For example, onions cause your eyes and nose to produce water. To cure colds, therefore, homeopathic doctors use an extract from onions. Sometimes, homeopathic doctors use dangerous poisons as medicines, but they dilute these many thousands of times so that they are harmless.
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What do onions cause your eyes and nose to produce - Прочитайте текст
Schweppes Limited was named after Jacob Schweppe, who was born in Germany but later moved to Britain. He started producing mineral water in the 1790s. The company was sold in 1799 but the name was kept by the new owners. New products were introduced – other soft drinks such as tonic water and lemonade, and later jams and tea.
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Who started Schweppes Limited - Прочитайте текст
We build because we need shelter. We need shelter from sun, rain, wind and snow. Not much that modern people do takes place outdoors. Our activities mostly take place indoors. For these activities we may need air that is warmer or cooler than the air outdoors. We may also need less light by day and more light by night than is provided by nature.
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Why do we build - Прочитайте текст
During the 18th and 19th centuries, many changes were made to false teeth, though some of these were not really improvements. Towards the end of the 19th century, for example, cheap celluloid teeth were introduced. But they caught fire very easily and a number of men were badly burned when their teeth caught fire while they were smoking cigarettes.
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What had happened to a number of men while they were smoking - Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
Where will Peter Sokolov take part tomorrow?
Tomorrow is the great day for Peter Sokolov. For the first time in his life he will take part in the general elections of this country. According to the constitution of Russia all organs of state power are elected by the entire adult population on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. The right to elect and be elected to the bodies of state power and local authorities and also to take part in the referendum is guaranteed by the Constitution of Russian Federation - Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
Why do light materials help create a lighter and brighter room?
Floors belong to one of the most important functional components of a building. Floors influence the acoustics of a room: it depends on whether a hard or soft flooring is used. Floors also react in various ways with light. Some flooring materials are known to produce mirrorlike reflection. As to dark flooring materials, they, on the contrary, absorb light and this absorption makes a room darker. As to light materials, they reflect light and help create a lighter and brighter room - Прочитайте текст
Monika
“I work six days a week, including evenings. In this job you need to be well organized and efficient. I plan the menus with the chef, handle the day-to-day running of the business, do the accounts, and manage a team of ten. The only part of the job I don’t like is dealing with the customers’ complaints.”
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How many people is Monika responsible for - Прочитайте текст
Yveline Cochennec
“I work in the Marketing Department of the International Herald Tribune (IHT) in Paris. One part of my work is to collect useful information and statistics about the newspaper and its readers. The paper uses this information to persuade companies to buy advertising space. I collect the sales figures that come in from the IHT offices all over the world and send the information to a company called OJD. OJD checks the figures and publishes the official sales of IHT and thousands of other newspapers and magazines.”
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What is the main task of Yveline Cochennec - Прочитайте текст
Andrew Wyeth painted portraits, landscapes, seascapes and domestic scenery. His favourite media are tempera and water-colour. Wyeth’s works are easily recognized by dimly lit and deserted landscapes in tones of grey and brown, which convey feelings of loneliness and solitude. One of the keys to his works is that he creates mysteries that need resolution.
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What are Wyeth’s favourite media