Тема Чтение текстов с извлечением основной информации (ознакомительное чтение) (Гуманитарно-социальный профиль)
- Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Knowledge of foreign languages is especially important because they are the main and the most 1_______ means of information exchange between the people of our planet. Students should learn English as a 2_______ language because today English is the language of the world. Over 350 million people speak it as a 3_______ tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. English is one of the official languages in the Irish Republic, Canada and South African Republic. As a second language it is used in the 4_______ British and US colonies - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Primary and secondary education. At the age of six, children in Russia enter a primary school where they study four years. Intermediate education begins with grade five and 1_______ through grade nine. There are thousands of schools of different types in Russia. There are state schools of general education, where pupils study Russian (or a native language), Literature, Mathematics, History, Biology, Geography, Music, Arts and foreign languages. There are also a number of 2_______ schools, where pupils can get deep knowledge of certain subjects – foreign languages, Mathematics, Physics etc. Besides state schools (where education is free of charge) there appeared lately many 3_______ schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, colleges and special courses where tuition is paid by the parents. After 9 years of schooling children can study for three years more and receive a secondary school 4_______ or enter vocational-technical schools - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
We all develop study habits and techniques but have you ever stopped to ask yourself how effective these really are? Here are some things I have learnt about working 1_______. Lots of my friends go to the library. To my mind, that’s fine if you like to spend a lot of time outside chatting. If I really want to get some work done, I study on my own. Another thing my friends tell me is that they can study while listening to 2_______. I know I can’t. When I am revising, I turn the music off so that I can keep my mind on what I’m doing. Finally, a lot of 3_______ can’t do anything without a computer. Of course computers can be very useful, but I 4_______ to switch mine off while I’m studying so that I won’t be tempted to look at my e-mail or interesting webpages.
How you learn best is a very personal matter. I think it’s important to try things out for yourself and not just listen to other people - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Thousands of people visit the UK every year. They 1_______ to have a holiday, to see the sights, to study, or to work.
People who live within the EEA (European Economic Area) only need a passport to get into the UK, but the passport must be valid for 2_______ months.
People who live outside the EEA need a 3_______. To apply for a visa, you need your passport, an extra passport photo, and a return ticket. You will also need to prove that you have a permanent 4_______ in your own country. Americans, Australians and people from Commonwealth countries do not need a visa - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Back in the 17th and 18th centuries, many scientific works were written explaining the advantages of chocolate for medicine, and today it’s a regular food in army rations. Chocolate could help prevent tooth decay, according to scientists at Japan’s Osaka University. The cocoa beans from which chocolate is made have an antibacterial agent that fights tooth decay. These parts of the beans are not usually used in chocolate production, but in future they could be added back in to chocolate - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Good impressions in job interviews:
Time needed 1_______ an interviewer: a few seconds.
‘Professionalism’ can be judged by appearance e.g. clean hair, shiny shoes and appropriate clothes.
Percentage of people who forget 2_______: 80-90%.
Body language: show you are reliable and honest.
Defensive gestures: e.g.
a) crossing your arms
b) avoiding eye contact
c) turning body away
d) playing with your clothes or jewellery.
You may seem to be: impatient or not easy to trust.
Meaning of colours:
3_______ = confidence
yellow = openness
orange = happiness
green = compassion
navy blue = conservatism and loyalty
purple = inspiration
Final 4_______: Say ‘goodbye’ to receptionist - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Moscow was founded in 1147 by the 1_______ Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow is the capital and the largest city of Russia. It is also the 2_______ of Moscow region. It stands on the banks of the Moskva River. More than nine million people live in the city. Moscow is the economic, political and 3_______ centre of Russia. Railways and numerous airlines 4_______ the city with all parts of Russia. Moscow Canal, the Moskva River, and Volga-Don Canal link Moscow with the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Azov - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
The idea of the Olympic Games absolutely captivated the modern 19th century nationalities.
A Frenchman called Baron de Coubertin may be the famous person behind the actual revival of the modern Olympic Games as we know them today. At the end of the nineteenth century he had an idea to bring the Olympic Games back to life. Following his suggestion, fifteen nations met at an international congress in 1894. Two years later, the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens. Since then they have been staged every fourth year, except during World War I and World War II. Perhaps the main difference between the ancient and modern Olympics is that for the ancient Greeks the Games were a way of saluting their gods, when the modern Games are a manner of saluting the athletic talents of people of all nations - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
The first Europeans who
1_______ in America were Vikings from Greenland. They settled on the isle of Newfoundland. For years scholars debated whether the Scandinavian sagas were 2_______ of history or legends. The 3_______ was founded in the 1960s. 4_______ archeologists discovered foundations of Viking’s houses and workshops - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
The greenhouse effect is very important; if it didn’t occur at all, the temperature of the planet would be 40 degrees lower and the oceans would freeze. But an increase in the greenhouse effect may lead to global warming with disastrous consequences.
The higher average temperature produced by global warming could cause dramatic changes in the weather. Less rain might fall over large land masses. Central Africa, south Asia and some parts of the United States could risk severe drought and famine. More rain might fall in coastal areas and over the oceans; there might be more storms and hurricanes in the Pacific. A rise in the earth’s average temperature of only one or two degrees would probably melt the polar ace caps and raise sea levels. Sea levels throughout the world are already rising by about two millimeters a year. If the polar ice caps melt, sea levels could rise by more than a meter over a few decades - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
In 1936 Margaret Mitchel’s book Gone with the Wind became very popular with Americans. Everyone admired its beautiful and down-to-earth heroin, Scarlett O’Hara. Vivian Leigh was the first to play the role of Scarlett. In 1991 Alexandra Ripley, a historical novelist, wrote a novel Scarlett. She tried to answer the burning questions about Scarlett and Rhett. Joanne Kilmer was the second to play the role of Scarlett - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Chocolate is made from the seeds of the tree Theobroma cacao. The ancient Aztecs used the beans of the cacao tree as a form of money. The Aztecs descovered that by crushing the beans into a paste and adding spices, they could make a refreshing and nourishing drink. This drink was very bitter, not like our chocolate drinks today. 16th century European explorers brought the drink back from their travels, added sugar, and soon it was popular as an expensive luxury - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
The people living in the British Isles are very fond of music, and it is quite natural that concerts of leading symphony orchestras, numerous folk groups and pop music are very popular.
Folk music is still very much alive. There are many folk groups. Their harmony singing and good humor win them friends everywhere.
Rock and pop music are extremely popular, especially among young people. The Beatles, with their style of singing new and exciting, their wonderful sense of humor became the most successful pop group the world has ever known.
British groups often set new trends in music. New stars and styles continue to appear. One of the most popular contemporary musicians and composers is Andrew Lloyd Webber. The musicals and rock operas by A. L. Webber have been a great success both in Britain and overseas - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns. Some travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. It’s always interesting to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms. Those who live in the country like to travel to big cities while city-dwellers usually prefer spending a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Owing to its beauty the Kremlin was considered to be one of the finest fortresses of its epoch. It impressed all foreigners that came to the capital. However, its secrets were carefully kept, and speaking of the walls of the Moscow “castle” Englishmen said that no foreigner was allowed to have a close look at the walls of the fortress.
Now there are 20 towers in the Moscow Kremlin; the Italian architects – Antonio Fryasin and Pietro Solari – were made responsible for the main work. At the end of the 15th century, the length of the Kremlin wall was more than 2 km.
The oldest Kremlin Tower Tainitskaya (Secret) was built in 1485. It faces the Moscow River and its name is connected with a secret underground passage to the river so that the citizens were not left without water in case of a siege - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Speaking English gives people many privileges in society, enabling them to communicate successfully with those who don’t know your mother tongue. In order to possess these privileges school teachers and methodologists propose to introduce six hours of learning English a week for all Russian schools and introduce this subject from the first year in primary schools. Learning English should become more intensive to make Russian citizens more communicative - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Lake Superior is the 1_______ lake in the United States. It is 616 km long, and 258 km 2_______. The deepest part of the 3_______ is 405 m. It is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Its name 4_______ from French and means ‘upper’ lake. Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana is the longest bridge in the world. It is 39 km long and it was completed in 1956 - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
English is very popular nowadays. It’s the language of computers, science, business, sport and politics. English is an amazing language, the language of great literature. Half of the world’s scientific literature is published in English. Nearly half of the world’s business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It’s the language of sports and glamour, the official language of the Olympic Games and the Miss Universe Competition - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
‘When men first flew in space, they were amazed to 1_______ that the only men-made object visible from 2_______ was the Great Wall of China’. This is a nice idea, but it’s not true. The Great Wall is mostly grey stone in a grey landscape and, in fact, is very 3_______ to see even from an aeroplane flying at a mere 15 kilometres 4_______. What can be seen when orbiting the earth are the fires of African desert people and the lights of fishing boats off Japan - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Oxford Street is a 1_______ shopping area in the centre of London. People who visit Oxford Street never get bored. They can walk around and enjoy the 2_______ and sounds of this busy street or shop at one of the 300 shops.
Some of the shops in Oxford Street include Debenhams, Selfridges and Marks & Spencer. On Oxford Street, you can 3_______ anything from expensive gifts to cheap souvenirs. Oxford Street is always full of people – even on Sundays when most of the shops are open. Need a break from all your shopping? There are also a number of wonderful cafes and restaurants to choose from.
It’s easy to see why Oxford Street is a big 4_______ for shoppers from all over the world