Тема Чтение текстов с извлечением основной информации (ознакомительное чтение)
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In the 1980s another imaging technique was added to the tools of medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a technology that, using a gigantic magnet, can line up the protons – or nuclei of hydrogen atoms – in an object (or organism) to align with the north-south polarity of the magnet. A computer “reads” this to create an image in a process known as MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. MRI can give an image of any plane through the body, while the patient’s experience consists of lying still in a body-sized tube, and hearing the click of the machinery - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Scientists have discovered that the beginning of coronary thrombosis can be detected and located by the use of radioactive iodine. The isotope of iodine is attracted to inflamed tissues and thus shows the exact place of thrombosis.
Electrocardiograms do not always show the beginning of a heart attack. The use of the radio-active iodine is better than electrocardiogram in this respect: it shows exactly the location of the thrombosis and it is helpful in treatment - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
It is said that women in Egypt used cosmetic more than four thousand years ago. These women painted their eyebrows; added a thick dark line under each eye and had different kinds of paint for different seasons of the year.
Women in ancient Rome used cosmetic too. They used powdered chalk for whitening the skin and red colour for the cheeks. A rich Roman lady spent many hours over her toilet; and a crowd of young slaves helped her. The Roman poet Ovid wrote a book on cosmetics and gave a recipe for what we now call a face-pack made of flour, eggs and other materials. The use of this, he says, will make the face smoother and brighter than a mirror - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
You are what you eat. If you eat badly your body will find a way of letting you know sooner or later. Extra weight, spotty skin, poor teeth and heart disease can all point to the fact that you are not eating properly. Your life style also plays an important part in your general health and you body needs time to relax after a meal.
The following do’s and don’ts should help you keep fit:
- Do get plenty of fresh air – that way you’ll sleep better.
- Do make sure you eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.
- Don’t overcook vegetables.
- Don’t eat too much fat, sugar and salt.
- Do try to take some exercise at least three times a week - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
When Dr. Ian Wilmut introduced the world to the first successful clone of an adult mammal – a seven-month old Finn-Dorset lamb named Dolly – a new frontier in science opened wide.
In 1996, Dolly became the first large animal to be cloned from genetic material extracted from an adult cell.
Scientists inserted a cell from a ewe’s udder into an egg from the same animal after removing the egg’s DNA. The bioengineered embryo was implanted in the ewe’s womb and Dolly developed as a clone. Her birth at the Roslin Institute in Scotland was announced in 1997 and caused an international sensation - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
In some cases it is necessary to make a brain operation, cutting several nerve tracts. In 1958 surgeons made this operation for the first time with an “atomic knife” – a proton beam that required no cutting into the brain. Usually such operation required weeks of preparation and many weeks of recovery. The atomic operation took about two hours; as soon as it was over, the patient walked off to a meal. He did not feel any pain and only said that he was tired from sitting in the same position for two hours. During the operation the patient was rotated from time to time so that the beam from synchrocyclotron could strike the brain at different angels. The surgeons directed the beam from another room, giving the patient instructions from time to time by the telephone.
The proton beam was 10 mm wide and 2 mm thick - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
In the last 20 years the use of atom medicine has become so widespread that every big medical centre uses some form of it in diagnosis and treatment. Thousands of hospitals all over the world have had very successful results with radioactive iodine for thyroid cases.
The chief medical use of radioisotopes is against cancer. Every year thousands of cancer patients are being treated with radio-cobalt, which in many ways is better than X-ray treatment - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
To determine blood groups, there is a method of extracting a chemical from human blood which, when mixed with a sample of the blood in question will react in a particular way according to the blood group. However, to get enough of the solution a great deal of human blood is required. But fortunately, snails’ eggs, which are the size of a pinhead, contain the same chemical – in fact, the blood of five donors would be required to supply the same amount of the chemical as is found one of the snail’s eggs - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Medicine is a science and art of healing dedicated to saving lives and relieving suffering. A person becomes ill when a part of the body does not function properly. They may have been injured, caught an infectious disease or have inherited a weakness or defect in their genes. There are also psychiatric disorders of the mind. The human body is a wonderful machine capable of building and repairing itself, provides it has a good supply of fresh air, water and food. But if the illness is serious, a person may need medical aid to help then get together. Medical care begins with the diagnosis followed by to treatment cure it - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Biofeedback uses new technology to help people control their own internal organs. For example, if a person has problems with sleeping, he or she is connected to a special computer that shows the activity of the brain. The person then does mental exercises to try to relax. When brain activity falls, the computer makes a noise. Slowly, the person learns what type of mental exercises can reduce the activity of the brain.
Doctors in many parts of the world have been using biofeedback with great success for many years. It is now a very useful form of medicine for problems with stress, tension, epilepsy, the heart, pain and insomnia - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Shoes should be bought with the idea that they are made to protect and support the feet. They should be chosen for shape, fit and the quality of the material. Size is no guarantee that shoes will fit, and people should choose shoes that follow the shape of the foot. Only with properly fitting shoes will the wearer avoid the pain of having the small bones of the foot pushed out of place - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Blood is called the ‘life giver’. Often people die without blood transfusion. More and more blood is needed these days. It takes 5 litres of blood for heart or kidney operations.
A special Blood Service operates in Moscow. Thousands of people give their blood free of charge. Donating blood is popular with students, especially in medical schools and medical institutes. Large Moscow factories have Donor Days - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
The skin is often called “the body’s first line of defence.” It acts as armour, resisting many germs that might harm the more delicate parts of the body. Any brain in the skin, even a pin prick, provides an opening for dangerous germs. Some germs enter the body through the nose and mouth and other natural openings. These areas provide warmth and moisture, in which germs thrive. When the membrane of the nose and throat becomes irritated, we cough or sneeze, blowing out the unwanted substances.
Other body liquids also provide a defence against disease. Tears, for example, wash bacteria from the eyes. Tears also contain substances that fight bacteria. Acid in the stomach kills many germs before they can reach other parts of the body