Тема Чтение текстов с извлечением полной информации (изучающее чтение)
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Some fast foods contain a lot of 1_______ and sugar. Some 2_______ experts believe that high-fat and 3_______ foods change children’s behavior. A recent survey in Japan found that badly behaved children ate more 4_______ than well-behaved children - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Electronic computers are widely used in 1____________ research, in planning and controlling our national economy. Very complicated electronic 2____________ control the work of huge plants and power stations; even whole industries are 3______________ by electronic robots. Planes and rockets are also electronically controlled.
Electronics has sharpened our vision and given us chance to see the microworld more clearly. It helps 4___________ discover new and puzzling phenomena of nature - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Bread is 1______ food. Excellent bread can be made with flour, 2______, salt and water. Other ingredients may be added such as sugar, fat, 3______, milk, nuts and fruit. The first basic step in the production of bread is the 4_______ of the ingredients to form dough. This process takes place in mixers - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Smetana (sour - cream) is also an almost universal flavouring sauce. Smetana is 1_______ from cream and contains 2,5 % of protein , 20 – 40 % of 2_______, lactic acid. 3_______ is a dietary beverage made from cow’s milk, yeast and lactic acid bacteria. Ryazhenka is a sour milk product made from baked 4_______ - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Microelectronics today encompasses thin-film, thick-film, hybrid, and integrated circuit technology. These approaches (and combinations of them) are being applied in . 1________________ branch of electronics.
Integrated 2____________ that combine all the 3__________________ of a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon can be produced. The implications of this in the microelectronic evolution are easily 4_______________. Let us compare a conventional J/K flip-flop circuit incorporating solid-state discrete devices and the same type of circuit employing integrated circuitry - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
The first scientists to study colour was Sir Isaac Newton. He was an English 1_______ who lived from 1642 to 1727. Newton was the first person to 2_______ white light into different colours.
In 1861 another English scientist, James Clerk Maxwell, showed that he could make other colours by mixing the primary colours – red, blue and yellow – in different ways. These other colours are called secondary and tertiary colours. We make secondary colours by 3_______ two primary colours together. For example, red and yellow become orange, yellow and blue become green, and blue and red become violet. We make tertiary colour with one 4_______ colour.
We can make a room look bigger or smaller, hotter or colder by using colour. Green and blue are cold colours. They can also make a room look bigger. Red, orange and yellow are hot colours. They can make a room look smaller - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски, подходящими по смыслу словами.
Mr Gregory Nagarajan was well known to London Regional Transport. He had previously pursued various racial 1_______ claims against both them and London Underground. Here, he 2_______ for a job as a Travel Information Assistant with London Regional Transport. He attended an interview but was unsuccessful in securing 3_______. He claimed that this was because the interview panel knew that he had previously brought discrimination claims against the organization and that they had been influenced by that 4_______ - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
«Do you 1_____________ English?» - with this phrase begins the conversation between two 2_______________, who speak different languages and want to find a common 3______________.
It’s very good when you hear: «Yes, I do», and start talking. People of different 4______________ and nations have to get along well with the progress in world trade and technology as well as with each other - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Heat causes some 1_______ to expand more than others. For example, copper expands more than iron. This 2_______ is used in the bimetal strip, which consists of two dissimilar strips of metal welded together. The strips are usually made of brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) and invar, a ferrous alloy which expands very little when heated.
An increase in 3_______ causes the brass to expand more than the invar. This expansion causes the bimetal strip to bend, and consequently a switch or a valve is 4_______ - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
A 1_________ will not be held criminally liable unless his conduct can fairly be regarded as having caused that event which it is the policy of the criminal law to prevent. This gives rise to the very 2_________ problem of causation. The 3_______ cannot be said to have evolved any scientific principles on this subject, and are very much gulded by their sense of fairness in the 4__________ case - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Thermionic emission is the most 1_______________and one most commonly used in electron tubes. In this method 2________________ is heated, resulting in increased thermal or kinetic energy of the unbound electrons. Thus, a greater number of electrons will attain sufficient speed and energy 3________________ from the surface of the emitter. The number of electrons released per unit area of an emitting surface is related to the absolute temperature
of the cathode and a quantity of the work 4_______________must perform when escaping from the emitting surface - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
The range of the 1______________ use is expanding with 2______________ passing year. The use of picoseconds laser pulses will help to 3______________ faster and more powerful microchips information circuits and computers by mapping more exactly the routes electrons take through semiconductor materials, the rates they travel and the effects of impurities. 4______________ lasers will help research on interactions among molecules in liquids - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Every green plant is a ‘factory’. It’s a sugar ‘factory’. It works from early day to dark every day, even on Sunday.
The 1_______ must have two things for making sugar: water and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide comes from the air. It is one of the gases the air is made of. Water comes from the 2_______.
As soon as 3_______ from the ground gets to a leaf it goes all over the leaf. Water and carbon dioxide are put together to make sugar. Most factories run on electricity. The green factories run on sunshine.
After the plant has made 4_______, it makes the other kinds of food it needs.
Without green plants there wouldn’t be any sugar or any other food for men and animals. Green plants are the world’s most important ‘factories’ - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
A 1_______ mechanic while studying at the “Orthopedic 2_______” departments a future specialist learns to make artificial 3_______ and crowns, plastics and porcelain teeth. On graduating from the college they usually work in the dental mechanic 4_______ - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Jeans eventually become so popular that fashion designers started 1_______ them. If a nineteenth-century coal miner went into a jeans 2_______ today, he would be amazed at the range of styles. He could choose loose or tight jeans. He could choose straight legs or flares. He could also choose from blue, black or 3_______jeans. People used to buy jeans because they were practical. 4_______ they are an essential fashion item - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Merchant Banks are so 1__________ because they originate from large merchants engaging in banking activity. Their traditionally important 2__________ were helping 3_________ governments to raise loans and accepting Bills of Exchange but they are 4__________ involved in a range of activities including corporate finance, foreign exchange dealings and securities trading - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
The World Bank is the world’s foremost intergovernmental 1___________ concerned with the external financing of the 2__________ growth of developing countries. The official title of the institution is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
Before recommending a Bank loan, the staff of the Bank must be reasonably satisfied that the productivity of the borrowing country will be increased and that the prospects for repayment are good. A country must be judged 3___________. Engineering investigations are frequently carried out to determine the probable relation of a proposed project to4___________ and costs. Increasingly, however, the Bank has shifted somewhat away from project lending (e.g., for a dam or a highway or a port); it has become concerned with education and other human services, the environment, and, through structural adjustment loans, the modification of governmental policies that are thought to have impeded long-run growth - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
The rise of 1______________ is a remarkable success story. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain nearly two thousand 2_______________ ago, English did not exist. Today English is used by at least 750 million people, and barely half of those speak it as a 3______________ tongue.
Some estimates have put that figure closer to one billion. Whatever the total, English at the end of the 20th century is more widely spoken and written, than any other language has ever been. It has become the 4_________________ of the planet, the first truly global language - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
England’s 1_______________ helps to understand the present condition of English. Many English 2_______________ were borrowed from the language of Angles and Saxons. Hundreds of French words 3_______________ into English. These 4______________ words didn’t crowd out corresponding Anglo-Saxon words. There exist «act» and «deed», «beautiful» and «pretty», «form» and «shape» - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Tomorrow’s Farm. Agricultural research aims not only at increased quantity but at improved quality, not only at mass production, but at efficient production. Here are the most important changes that will take place on tomorrow’s farm.
It will be a very large ‘factory farm’. It will be 1_______ automated. The 2_______ will be able to produce food and other products with the quality wanted by consumers, at the times these products are needed, more or less independent of weather.
Plant height, rate of 3_______ and date of ripeness will be almost completely controllable. Crops will be changed in size and in other ways to make them easier to 4_______ and harvest by machines - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Large office buildings are often as big as small towns. They have their own trains, buses and shops. Such buildings 1_______ in most cities of the world. When it was finished, however, in 1943, the Pentagon was the world’s largest office building. It is still – many years later – among the largest.
Built in the shape of a pentagon – a 2_______ shape – the building consists of five pentagons, divided into ten sections. Each side of the outside pentagon is about 300 metres long. In the centre, there is a large space open to the sky.
Six storeys high, the Pentagon has a total floor space of about two million square 3_______. Around it, there are about 45 kilometres of roads that are part of the building and inside the building itself there are over 25 kilometres of passages. In spite of its great 4_______, however, no office is more than a six minute walk from any other office in the building - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
One day I went to see my favourite 1_______, Edie. She’s eighty-five now and she’s got a bad 2________. I’m sure she’ll never leave 3_______ now. I can’t really do much for her, but she loves to hear what I’ve been doing. I was just telling her about my “knee class” when Nurse Walker came in. She said that Mrs Callan, the head 4_______, wanted to see me. I tried to find out what she wanted, but Nurse Walker said she didn’t know. So I said goodbye to Edie and went to see Mrs Callan, wondering why she wanted to see me - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Electronic computers 1______________ the trajectories of spaceships, help prepare, launch and monitor the rockets that carry the most complicated and sophisticated equipment. Radio-electronic 2_____________ ensure reliable communication with space probes at distances amounting to scores of 3______________ of kilometres, relay telephotos of distant planets. Hundreds of 4______________ devices perform various tasks on board every satellite and spaceship. It may be said that in the near future electronics will surely make great strides and help the humanity gain new victories in science and engineering - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
The nurse is present at the time of the birth and she is sometimes present when 1_______ ends. Her whole life is devoted to 2_______. She is responsible for what she does. She is responsible for what she advises others to do.
Every nurse must have enough knowledge of her work. She must read 3_______ journals. She must help her patients at any hour of the day or night. She must care for the 4_______ even if the patient has a mortal infectious disease - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
One secret to Nestle’s 1_________ is that many of its products - especially instant coffee, chocolates, and frozen foods - appeal to consumers all over the 2__________. For example, coffee is closing in on tea as the 3___________ drink in Japan. Frozen dinners, long a hit in the United States, are catching on in Europe. And of course chocolate tastes the same in any language. Although these products have to be adapted slightly to local tastes, they generally can be 4__________ worldwide - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Most people do not have enough money to pay in cash if they want to buy a house or a 1_______. Because of this, they have to borrow money from a 2_______. The name for the loan that most people get when they 3_______ property is a ‘mortgage’. In Britain, it’s common to get a mortgage for up to twenty-five years. In other countries, it’s more common to get a mortgage that lasts for only ten or 4_______ years. When you’ve finished paying your mortgage, die building is yours! - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Bronchitis may be mild or 1_______. It simply means that the cold has spread to the air passages. There may or may not be fever, but 2_______ may be severe and it may interfere with feeds and sleep. If there is fever and the person coughs frequently, you must consult a 3_______. Even without fever, if the cough persists a doctor should be consulted. 4_______ may be given to bring down the fever - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
The hamburger first appeared at the World’s Fair in St Louis, USA, in 1904.
In 1930s and 1940s, restaurants such as Steak’s Shake, White Castle and Bob’s Big Boy sold burgers, 1_______ and milkshakes.
The first McDonald’s 2_______ opened in 1948 in San Bernardino, California.
By the 1970s, McDonald’s was as successful as 3_______ companies like General Motors and IBM.
In 2000, 4_______ to Disneyland bought over 4 million burgers, 1.6 million hot dogs, 3.4 million orders of chips and 5.5 million litres of soft drinks - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Corn or maize was domesticated and 1_______by the native people of the New World when Christopher Columbus first 2_______ its shores. The cultivation of corn was of primary 3_______ to the daily diet of the Indians, who used it in 4________ a sort of bread, the tortilla - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Today it is quite 1______________ that everyone should know at least one foreign language.
Knowing one or more 2________________ languages makes it possible to get acquainted with different ways of thinking, to understand a new civilization. Learning a foreign language stimulates mental 3________________ and gives you a chance to appreciate a new literature, a different culture and to broaden your horizons. Besides, knowing foreign 4______________ has a practical value. It makes it easier to choose a profession and provides job promotion - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски, подходящими по смыслу словами.
Sherlock Holmes sat in a dimly lit bar, 1_______ four well known 2_______ who were sitting around a square table. The four were known as Don, Archie, Clive and Bill. One was a swindler, one a bank 3_______, a third a pickpocket and the fourth a forger. The person who sat across from Archie was the forger. The person on Bill’s left was the pickpocket. The swindler was to the right of the forger. The bank robber sat opposite Don. WHO WAS THE 4_______? Don was the swindler - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
It is often said that Japanese people, on average, live longer than Europeans. To a large extend this must be due to the food most Japanese people eat since from the point of 1_______, life in modern Japan is no less stressful than ours in the West. The Japanese live on a 2_______ largely made up of fish and rice. At lunch time a typical Japanese family will consume at least twice as many 3_______ as we do in Europe. In comparison with Europeans, the Japanese eat far less meat and fewer potatoes; at the same time, they eat seven times more fresh fish than we do which makes their diet much 4_______ by far. It would be fair to say that, in general, the Japanese consume far less sugar than Europeans, though the modern Japanese – frequent visitors to Europe on business or on pleasure – are discovering the pleasures and dangers of western-style eating habits - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
English is one of the most widely used 1_______________ in the world. Over 337 million people 2________________ English as their first language, and about 350 million people speak it as a second language. America has the largest number of English 3______________ - over 226 million speak the language as 4______________. India was a British colony for along time. Now English is the second official language in India. About 3,000 newspapers are published in India in the English language - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Wealth can be expressed as the value of the things you own. Adding the value of all your possessions, bank accounts, savings, and the like will give you the total amount of your wealth.
Used in certain ways, wealth can 1__________ income. If you owned a house, you might be able to let others use it for a fee. In that instance economists would say that you used your 2__________ to earn «rent». Wealth, in the form of money that is loaned to others or deposited in a savings account, will earn interest. As you can see, interest and rent are two 3_______ of income that can be earned by wealth. 4________ types of income are dividends and capital gains that can be generated from the wealth - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Metals began to be widely used as 1_______construction materials not so long ago. Before the 2_______ of the nineteenth century metals played little structural role in the process of building. Mostly they served for 3_______ parts of buildings. The ancient Greeks and Romans are known to use bronze for joining 4_______ of stone - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Learning a 1_______________ language is a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. But every 2______________ person, every good 3_______________ has to know English because it is absolutely necessary nowadays. It is well known that reading books and magazines in the original, watching films and talking with the native 4______________ helps a lot. When learning a foreign language you learn the culture and history of the country where this language is spoken - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
A variety of housing has been provided in new towns, including two-storey houses, bungalows, flats and maisonettes. The greatest demand is for 1_______ with gardens. Many families moving to the new towns have previously lived in overcrowded conditions in flats or rooms in the centres of cities and want the space and freedom of a house and 2_______ where children can play in safety. In view of this preference, care is taken to provide houses of varied 3_______ types, avoiding monotony and ensuring privacy. Houses may, for example, be built in courts, closes, terraces or other groupings and set various distances from, and angles to, roads. A number of 4_______ such as bricks and cements of different colours and panels of natural timber are also used - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Timber belongs to one of the oldest building materials. It has been from ancient times and is still produced from 1_______ wood. Timber has always been highly usable in construction because of its many advantages. To these belong its strength, light weight, cheapness, and high 2_______. Its other advantage is that it belongs to natural resources and is naturally renewable. It is the more so that about a third of the world is still considered to be covered with forests. Besides, timber is resistant to corrosion produced by 3_______ substances in the modern polluted atmosphere. One more advantage of timber is that it can be used for many construction 4_______ - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
English is the first 1_____________ in the United Kingdom, the United 2_____________ of America, Australia and New Zealand. It is one of the 3_____________ languages in Canada, the Irish Republic and the Republic of South Africa.
As a second language English 4______________ in more than 60 countries. It is used by the government, businessmen and universities.
English is the language of politics and diplomacy, science and technology, business and trade, sport and pop music - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Speaking a foreign 1______________ you can read papers, magazines and original 2______________ by great writers, watch satellite TV programs. If you like 3______________ you can go anywhere without being afraid that other 4______________ will not understand you. English is very important to find a good job - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
The World Bank has paid increasing 1__________ to the evaluation of previous lending. Recently, moreover, it has acceded to the requests of the American secretary of the treasury to help to ease the huge, 2___________, largely commercial-bank debt.
Voting power in the Bank (as well as in the Fund) is determined by the size of each member nation’s subscription. Subscriptions, in turn, are based on a formula that takes into account such variables as the value of each nation’s foreign 3___________ and its total output. Ultimate power, through weighted voting, rests with the Board of Governors of the Bank (and the Fund). The governors meet annually in 4__________. The day-to-day affairs of the Bank are determined, however, by executive directors who live permanently in Washington, D.C - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Heat causes liquids to expand. This effect is used in the 1_______. An increase in air temperature 2_______ the liquid to expand in the heat sensor. This expansion causes the valve to close and consequently the 3_______ of hot water is reduced.
After a time, the temperature will go down and the 4_______ will cool and contract. The spring load will now be greater than the liquid pressure and the valve will open. Once again, the hot water flow is increased - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
There have been many 1_______ number systems in the world. A long time ago the Babylonians counted in 60s and today computers count in 2s – using only 1 and 0. We call this 2-number system the binary system. Most systems, however, count in 10s. This is because we have 10 2_______. We call this system the decimal system from ‘decem’, the Latin word for 10.
The Romans used letters like I, V, X and C to count in 10s but these are not very easy to use. The numbers most people use today come from India. We think they were invented by the Hindu people there. In the Hindu system the place of each 3_______ is important. For example, 832 is a different number to 238 or 382. The Hindu system was also used by the Arabs, and we now call them Arabic numbers. In about the 12th century an Italian called Leonardo Fibonacci wrote a book about 4_______ numbers, and people all over Europe began using these numbers.
We do not know who invented the decimal point, but we know that in 1585 a man called Simon Stevin wrote a book about the decimal point. The book was called ‘The Tenth’. Before we knew about the decimal point, we had to use fractions like Ѕ and system ѕ when we talked about numbers smaller than 1 - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
To measure dimensions such as the length, height, depth or diameter of a component, micrometers are used. There are different types of micrometer for different 1_______.
To measure the external diameter of a small component such as a small shaft, a micrometer caliper is used; to measure internal 2_______, a micrometer cylinder is used. Depth micrometers are used to measure the 3_______ of a component. The measurements are shown on different 4_______ of scale depending on the type of micrometer - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Law may be said to consist of rules for the 1_______ of man in his 2_______ with other men and in his relation to organized society. A single person, if isolated, would be 3________ by such rules, since they operate only in the presense of other persons. Of course, there are 4________ pertaining to physical matters, but with these we are not concerned - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Concrete being a universally used material, its new 1_______ are being constantly produced. Among others there exists concrete with 2_______. Its main quality is that it is made up of materials that emit gas and foam during the process of mixing the aggregates with water. It should be taken into account that concrete of this 3_______ possesses relatively light weight. It is mostly used for producing slabs, walls panels, and frame constructions. As we know, decrease in weight leads to a considerable decrease in strength. This quality is classified as a 4_______ disadvantage of cellular concrete - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Marriage creates a status which may affect 1________ rights of the parties and their duties with respect to other 2_________. Therefore we must 3_______ the legal effects of relationship first of husband and wife and then of parents and 4_________ - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
A laser is a quantum electronic 1______________. It is a machine for making and concentrating light 2______________ into a very intense beam. The letters LASER stand for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The light 3______________ by a laser is much more intense than ordinary light. With ordinary light, all the light waves are of 4_____________ lengths. With lasers, all the light waves are of the same length, and this increases the intensity - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
Some of the English 1______________ of today are derivatives. One way of 2______________ new words is to put together two or more older English words. For example, the words «railway», «football», «newspaper» are made in this way.
Many of the 3______________ English words - especially new scientific ones - have been made from 4_______________ and Greek words instead of English ones. «Telephone» for instance, was made from Greek words «far» and «talk» - Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
The two major 1_______ are animal fats and vegetable oils. Butter is a special 2_______ product from milk. The vegetable 3_______ are pressed or extracted from a variety of plant seeds. Of primary importance as sources of edible oils are soybeans, sunflower, cotton seed, corn germ, 4_______, etc