Тема Чтение текстов с извлечением основной информации (ознакомительное чтение)
- Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Look at the picture. These are different shapes. They are triangles, squares, rectangles and circles.
Triangles have three sides and three angles. Squares and rectangles have four sides. Squares have four equal sides, but rectangles have two equal sides. Circles do not have angles or sides - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Britain attaches particular importance to the environmental policy of the European Community.
Much has already been achieved: since Britain joined, the Community has adopted some 280 environmental measures, including far-reaching-legislation to combat acid rain, curb pollution from cars and industry, conserve wildlife and ensure public access to information about the environment - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
We can divide all metals into ferrous and non-ferrous. Steel and cast iron are in the group of ferrous metals. They are alloys of iron with carbon, manganese, silicon and other components.
Non-ferrous metals are metals and alloys the main component of which is not iron but some other element such as aluminium, copper and others. Some of the characteristics of non-ferrous metals are high electric and heat conductivity, high corrosion resistance, light weight and easiness of fabrication - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowded rural areas and did not have pollution - causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important. Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960’s people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution - Прочитайте текст
One day, some Americans were having dinner at a hotel in London. When the fish was put on the table, a young man said: “Let’s examine the fish carefully. Perhaps we’ll find a diamond in it.” Everybody began to laugh, but an old man said: “Yes, I’m sure we have all heard such stories. Let me tell you what happened to me once.”
“When I was a young man,” he began, “I worked for a big company in New York; and I was sent to England to do some work there. I was in love with a beautiful girl, and before I left for England, we decided that we would be married when I returned home.
“I stayed in England for two months. I sent letters to the girl almost every day, but I didn’t receive any answers. And before I left for home, I bought a beautiful diamond ring for her. “On the ship one morning, a telegram was brought to me. It told me that the girl was going to be married to another man, I was so angry that I threw the diamond ring into the sea.
“My friend came to the port to meet me, and he invited me to dinner. When we were sitting down at the table and I was eating fish, I suddenly felt something hard in my mouth. What do you think it was?”
“The diamond!” all the Americans cried.
“No,” the old man answered. “It was a fish bone.”
Закончите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста
When a story-teller was a young man _____ - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Society has only recently addressed the problems of crimes made possible by the computer revolution.
One problem involves the stealing of valuable information from other persons’ computers. Recall that larceny is “the wrongful taking of the property of others”. This traditional definition of the crime made it difficult to prosecute those who steal computer data for two reasons. First, many courts concluded that there was not a “taking” if an intruder merely copied the information in the computer. Second, even if an intruder copied and erased computer information, some courts concluded that there was no taking of “personal property” but only the loss of electrical impulses, which no one really owns - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Mankind long believed that, whatever we did, the Earth would remain much the same. We know now that is untrue. Nature is under threat. One country’s pollution can be every country’s problem. So we all need to work together to safeguard our environment.
We have a moral duty to look after our planet and hand it on in good order to future generation - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Another type of rectifier is represented by various kinds of two-electrode valves, or diodes. These consist of a glass tube or bulb containing an electron-emmiting member (the cathode) and an electrode (called the anode) which collects the emitted electrons and causes a flow of current so long as it is positive with respect to the cathode. The cathode heater is supplied with a suitable voltage from the transformer secondary to provide the heating necessary for the emission of electrons - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Forgery is falsely making or altering any writing (for example the signature of another person). In forgery there must be intent to defraud either the person whose name is signed or someone else. The most common forgeries are found on checks when one has signed another’s name without permission to do so. Forgery also includes altering a check, such as when one changes “$7” to “$70” and “Seven” to “Seventy”. Forgery is usually a felony - Прочитайте текст
The English Sunday is no longer the quiet day of rest it was in the past. Writing letters, reading novels, playing the piano or violin, riding a bicycle or motorcycle, visiting picture galleries, exhibitions, museums or the Zoo, going to an afternoon or evening concert, all that is no longer considered improper. Even some cinemas are now open on Sundays and most of the West End restaurants give some music during the dinner hours.
But in many other respects, things have remained as they were. People do not go to business on Sunday; only a few small shops are open; no letters are delivered in London, except by “Express Sunday Delivery”. The railways, trolley-buses and trams run less frequently than on week-days. A few Sunday newspapers only are published; the theatres and music halls are closed.
Закончите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста
The theatres and music halls _____ - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
For some visitors, the main attraction of Jamaica lies in its glorious beaches and all the excitement of the nightlife that is associated with them. And indeed, our first-class hotel is located on its own amazing beach on the island’s north coat. The hotel offers the full range of thrilling water sports during the day, plus a chance to relax or dance to local music in the evening.
But, unlike many tourists, your contact with the real Jamaica will not be limited to what you see from the window of the airport bus because we organize trips into the dramatic interior of the island. You will be driven by jeep, high up into the Blue Mountains, with their romantic mists, deep valleys and lush vegetation. Your visit to a small coffee farm will be unforgettable to discover some of the secrets of the world famous coffee - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
The Empire State Building was built in 1931 in the United States of America. Its construction took about two years. The exterior of the sky-scraper is supported by a framework produced of steel. It should be noted that 60,000 tons of steel were used for its production. The Empire State Building is considered to be one of the tallest and spacious constructions of the world. It can be attended by 80,000 people simultaneously - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
It was found that if a sealing-wax rod is rubbed with a woolen cloth, and a rod of glass is rubbed with a silken cloth, an electric spark will pass between the sealing-wax rod and the glass rod when they are brought near one another. Moreover, it was found that a force of attraction operates between them. An electrified sealing-wax is repelled, however, by a wax rod, and also an electrified glass rod is repelled, by a similar glass rod - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Many young urban girls today smoke. While smoking is bad for your health at any time, it is particularly so during pregnancy and result in an underweight, small-size baby, and so smoking is best avoided during pregnancy. It is amazing how people persist in smoking despite so much warning regarding its hazards.
It is unwise to hold a lighted cigarette while holding the baby. Smoke may also irritate baby and make him cough and sneeze - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
George Stephenson was a British inventor and engineer. He is famous for building the first practical railway locomotive.
Stephenson was born in 1781 in England. During his youth he worked as a fireman and later as an engineer in the coal mines of Newcastle. He invented one of the first miner’s safety lamps independently of the British inventor Humphrey Davy. Stephenson’s early locomotives were used to carry loads in coal mines, and in 1823 he established a factory at Newcastle for their manufacture. In 1829 he designed a locomotive known as the Rocket, which could carry both loads and passengers at a greater speed than any locomotive at that time. The success of the Rocket was the beginning of the construction of locomotives and laying the railway lines - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Sometimes the government can encourage or discourage imports and exports of goods. It imposes quotas on certain products. An export quota specifies how much of a product can a manufacturer ship out. An import quota allows you to import to certain limit. The quota may be absolute (we reach a certain amount and can ship more) or the government can combine it with a special tariff on all units over that amount. For example, we had an import quota of 6,000 automobiles. We had bought 6,000 automobiles with a 6.5% tariff by the end of the last year, and all others we bought with a 45% tariff - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
The energy contained in atoms and molecules makes them vibrate and this vibration produces heat. Matter expands with heat. In an iceberg (solid matter), for example, the molecules absorb radiant energy from the sun and vibrate even more. Their temperature increases, they expand and form water (liquid matter). The molecules in the water vibrate until they evaporate and go up in the air (gaseous matter). When the temperature decreases, their vibration slows down and they condense into drops that fall as rain. Water is a liquid composed of two gases: oxygen and hydrogen - Прочитайте текст
Every time I see the old, blue and white Chinese teapot in the kitchen, I remember my Grandma. How can I ever forget having tea at my grandmother’s house?
As I entered the house, I smelled the aroma of fresh tea and cookies.
I would run into the kitchen to kiss Grandma, sit at the table, and watch how she prepared everything for tea. I enjoyed helping her set the table.
After the table was set, she would begin the ritual of preparing the tea. First, she put her teapot with water on the stove and waited until it started to boil. Then she put four spoonfuls of tea in the teapot and squeezed a few drops of lemon juice in, too. She waited for about ten more minutes until we could smell lemon with the tea. She took the teapot off the stove and poured a little in each teacup. Then we added hot water and some sugar and began to enjoy the tea. Of course, the cookies also played an important role, but they are material for another story.
Закончите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста
My Grandma enjoyed the ritual of ______ - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
The use of X-rays in medicine was a huge breakthrough at the turn of the century. British engineer Godfrey Hounsfield came up with an improvement on the 70-year-old technology. It combined X-ray images with a computer.
Hounsfield called this technology a CT (computerized tomography) scan, also called CAT scan (computerized axial tomography). It was especially useful for looking at head injuries and brain problems, because it showed about 100 times greater detail in soft tissues than traditional X-rays. Hounsfield was knighted and won the 1979 Nobel Prize - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
We have a moral duty to look after our planet and hand it on in good order to future generation. That does not mean trying to halt economic growth. We need growth to give us the means to live better and healthier lives. We must not sacrifice our future well-being for short-term gains, nor pile up environmental debts which will burden our children. Where there are real threats to our planet we have to take great care. Prevention can often be better and cheaper than cure. But action in Britain is not enough. The Government will play a full part in working out international solutions through bodies like the United Nations, the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the European Community - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Metals began to be widely used as construction materials not so long ago. Before the beginning of the nineteenth century metals played little structural role in the process of building. Mostly they served for joining parts of buildings. The ancient Greeks and Romans are known to use bronze for joining slabs of stone.
It was only in the eighteenth century when the first all-metal structure was built in Europe. It was a cast-iron bridge across the river Severn in England. The strength of the bridge turned out to be so great that now, more than two centuries after its construction, it still carries heavy modern traffic across the Severn - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix. Appendix is small, finger-like appendage on the intestine. The patient has pain in the abdomen, the middle of the abdomen to begin with, which later settles in the lower part on the right side.
There is tenderness in the right lower abdomen. This is usually accompanied by fever, and often vomiting.
It is important to consult the surgeon as soon as possible. Till then nothing should be given by mouth – no food, water or medicine, and certainly no laxative or purgative - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
There is a small banking office in the entrance hall. You can cash traveller`s checks and change currency there. If you need to leave your suitcases for a while you can use the left-luggage office. The hotel porters will help you to carry your luggage - Прочитайте текст
The Mississippi River is the longest river in the United States. It is more than 3, 700 kilometers long.
The Mississippi begins as a small creek and at the Gulf of Mexico it is nearly two kilometers wide. In some places it is very deep and in other places it is shallow.
The river gets water from rain, snow, hail, and ice. Many small rivers run into the Mississippi. Half of the rain falling in the United States flows into the Mississippi.
Найдите информацию, содержащуюся в тексте
The Mississippi River … - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
In overseas communications, telegraph messages are transmitted over high-frequency radio (3-30 MHz), transoceanic submarine cables, or satellite communication channels. But it should be noted that the number of messages carried on high-frequency radio is constantly decreasing.
Most radio circuits operate directly between different countries of the world. As to radio telegraph transmitters, they are usually either of the frequency-shift-keying type or the single-side-band type - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
To determine blood groups, there is a method of extracting a chemical from human blood which, when mixed with a sample of the blood in question will react in a particular way according to the blood group. However, to get enough of the solution a great deal of human blood is required. But fortunately, snails’ eggs, which are the size of a pinhead, contain the same chemical – in fact, the blood of five donors would be required to supply the same amount of the chemical as is found one of the snail’s eggs - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Brick belongs to artificial construction materials. It has been used in many countries and in different climates. In modern times bricks vary widely with the method of production and temperature of burning.
Concrete is known to be one of the most popular building materials. It is produced by mixing cement, gravel, water, and sand in the proper amounts - Прочитайте текст
Early men did not have clocks. They told time by the sun and the shadows of trees. At first, they used sticks placed in the ground instead of trees. They made marks on the ground, and the shadows from the sticks told the time of the day.
Later, men began to use sundials. Some sundials were boxes with a stick to cast a shadow. The mark for noon was very important. The sundial always had to face the same way or the time was wrong. Sundials were the first kind of the clock.
Найдите информацию, содержащуюся в тексте
Early men … - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Yesterday afternoon thieves stole £500 from a post office in Preston, Lancashire. Police do not have a good description of the two men, but they know that they escaped in a red Ford Cortina. This information came from an 11-year-old boy, Charlie Carrack - Прочитайте текст
A national park is a large piece of land. In the park animals are free to come and go. Trees and plants grow everywhere. People go to a national park to enjoy nature.
Yellowstone is the world’s oldest national park. It became a national park in 1872. It is also the world’s largest park.
Yellowstone is famous for its geysers. These holes in the ground shoot hot water into the air. There are about seventy geysers in the park.
Two-and-a-half million people visit this beautiful park every year.
Найдите информацию, содержащуюся в тексте
Yellowstone … - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are polluting the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil. Thus, people would have to stop using many useful things if they wanted to end pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But pollution can be reduced gradually. Scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles and factories. Government can pass the laws that would make enterprises take measures for reducing of pollution. Individuals and groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
The term space charge is applied to the cloud of electrons that is formed in the interelectrode space between cathode and plate. Since it is made up of electrons, this cloud constitutes a negative charge in the interelectrode space that has a repelling effect on the electrons being emitted from the cathode. The effect of this negative space charge alone, therefore, is to force a considerable portion of the emitted electrons back into the cathode and prevent others from reaching the plate - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Insulating materials have very low conductivity. They offer extremely high resistance to the flow of current. Insulators are used in electric devices to isolate conductors. Thus they should have a high dielectric strength and a high resistivity. Their mechanical properties are also important for practical use.
Insulators are divided into gaseous, liquid, solid. They are also divided into groups according to their heat resistance - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Agricultural economics has been one of the leading branches of applied economics since the 1920s. Now it is developing rapidly and successfully as it is important for most countries of the world.
In order to understand agricultural economics it is necessary to know how crops are sown, cultivated, fertilized, and harvested, how livestock is bred, raised, fattened, and sold - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Magnets can be natural and artificial. The Earth, for example, contains magnetic substances in its nucleus. These substances, which are also in our body, make our planet a big natural magnet. That’s why when you hang a bar magnet from a thread in a horizontal position, its north pole points to the geographic north pole of the Earth. A bar magnet is an artificial magnet. This type of magnets are usually made from a combination of elements that contain iron, cobalt or nickel - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Scientists have made the low power reactor to provide arctic stations with a source of light and heat. It is highly specialized reactor. Instead of producing heat that goes to a turbo generator, this reactor produces steam in its own core.
The low power reactor is made portable because it is intended for use at remote stations. Its components can easily be taken apart and reassembled - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Drying, salting, cold storage, freezing, bottling and canning are methods used to preserve vegetables and fruit. If foods are kept for a few days in the air, they spoil because of the action of yeasts, bacteria and other types of microorganisms. Food preserving methods destroy these organisms or prevent their re – entry or slow down their growth - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Certain other substances absorb moisture from the air when they are exposed to it; these are said to be deliquescent. The impurities often present in common table salt are typical of this class of substances. Because these impurities tend to solidify upon absorbing moisture from the air the openings of a salt shaker clog in damp weather.
A substance that absorbs moisture from the air and becomes wet or dissolves in the moisture is called deliquescent - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
It may be observed that when the water of a pan of brine is evaporated by boiling, crystals of salt remain on the bottom of the vessel. The experiment proves that salt crystals are formed by evaporation of a solution - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Today, statutes of most states fix the age of criminal liability at 18, but the figure ranges from 16 to 19. Statutes often provide that minors as young as 13 or 16 may be tried and punished as adults if they are accused of serious crimes such as murder. Generally, however, what is a crime for adults is juvenile delinquency for minors - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Most people who work in the agricultural industry do not work on farms and ranches, but rather they are employed by the feed, seed, farm machinery, fertilizer, chemical supply, and food-processing businesses. There are also many agribusiness workers in finance, distribution, and marketing firms who provide service to production agriculturalists. Agriculture is big business, supplying agricultural production inputs and subsequently producing, processing, and distributing food and fiber - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
In some form or another sport is an important part of the Englishmen’s daily life. Of all sports at least two have the greatest popularity among Britons: football in winter and golf in summer. One can also mention rugby, a form of English football in which the players use their hands for carrying the ball. The game is played by team of 15 men with an oval ball. Other sports such as tennis, cricket, boxing are also popular in England. Young people do athletics. But people who are fond of fishing or hunting continue with their sports even in middle age.
Probably the most popular sport in Britain is simply walking. People would go out into the country at the weekends, whole families, and spend their time walking especially in the more attractive scenery.
Britain has the reputation of a sporting nation that is why most of sport terms are English - Прочитайте текст
The Mississippi River is the longest river in the United States. It is more than 3, 700 kilometers long.
The Mississippi begins as a small creek and at the Gulf of Mexico it is nearly two kilometers wide. In some places it is very deep and in other places it is shallow.
The river gets water from rain, snow, hail, and ice. Many small rivers run into the Mississippi. Half of the rain falling in the United States flows into the Mississippi.
Найдите информацию, содержащуюся в тексте
The Mississippi River … - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
Britain attaches particular importance to the environmental policy of the European Community.
Much has already been achieved: since Britain joined, the Community has adopted some 280 environmental measures, including far-reaching-legislation to combat acid rain, curb pollution from cars and industry, conserve wildlife and ensure public access to information about the environment - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
When most people think of agriculture, they perceive it as farmers producing animals and crops. Agriculture is often thought of as “cows, sows, and plows” or “weeds, seeds, and feeds”. But agriculture has changed. For years agriculture was farming, as previously stated. Nearly everyone lived on farms, and farmers were self-sufficient. Very few manufactured supplies and materials were available. Today, however, agriculture is a technology-oriented industry that includes production, agriscience, and agribusiness - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
The English proverb says: every cook praises his own broth. One can not say English cookery is bad, but there is not a lot of variety in it in comparison with European cuisine. The English are very particular shout their meals. The usual meals in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.
Breakfast time is between seven and nine a.m. A traditional English breakfast is a very big meal. It consists of juice, porridge, a rasher or two of bacon and eggs, toast, butter, jam or marmalade, tea or coffee. Marmalade is made from oranges and jam is made from other fruit. Many people like to begin with porridge with milk or cream and sugar, but no good Scotsman ever puts sugar on it, because Scotland is the home of porridge. For a change you can have sausages, tomatoes, mushrooms, cold ham or perhaps fish - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту
The breach of duty must be proved in a criminal trial. This is the specific conduct by the defendant, which violates the duty. For example, battery is always a crime. Criminal battery is often defined in statutes as “the intentional causing of corporal harm”. Corporal harm means bodily harm. A breach of this duty could be established in a trial by the testimony of a witness who swore that she saw the defendant deliberately punch the victim - Прочитайте текст
One of the most famous statues in the world stands on an island in New York Harbour. This statue is, of course, the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is a woman who holds a torch up high. She symbolizes a welcome to a land of freedom. Visitors can go inside the statue. The statue is so large that as many as twelve people can stand inside the torch. Many more people can stand in other parts of the statue. The statue weighs 225 tons and is 301 feet tall.
The Statue of Liberty was put up in 1886. It was a gift to the United States from the people of France.
Найдите информацию, содержащуюся в тексте
The Statue of Liberty … - Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Metals are materials most widely used in industry because of their properties. The study of the production and properties of metals is known as metallurgy.
The separation between the atoms in metals is small, so most metals are dense. The atoms are arranged regularly and can slide over each other. That is why metals are malleable (can be deformed and bent without fracture) and ductile (can be drawn into wire). Metals vary greatly in their properties. For example, lead is soft and can be bent by hand, while iron can only be worked by hammering at red heat - Прочитайте текст
James Naismith invented basketball in 1891. Naismith was a Canadian, but lived in the United States. He was a teacher at Springfield Training School. He taught sports and found there were no interesting games to play indoors in the winter months. So he thought of a game.
Nasmith’s students played the first game of basketball in the Springfield gym
in 1891. There were nine men in each team. They used a soccer ball. They put peach baskets on the gym wall. The goal or purpose of the game was to throw the ball in the basket. That is why he called the game basketball. A man with a ladder went to the basket. He climbed the ladder and took the ball out of the basket. Luckily, only one man got the ball into the basket in the first game.
Today basketball is an international sport. Basketball is also an Olympic sport today.
Найдите информацию, содержащуюся в тексте
Basketball …