Тема Чтение текстов с полным пониманием и логическое завершение предложения
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The automobile is made up of three basic parts: the engine, the body and the chassis. The engine is the source of power and makes the car move.
The chassis consists of the transmission and running gear (frame, springs and wheels). The transmission carries the power from the engine to the wheels. It consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential. The transmission also includes the steering system and brakes.
The body has the hood, fenders, the heater and so on.
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The automobile is made up of three basic parts: … - Прочитайте текст
Valency is the reason for the varying weights of the same element in different compounds. Once you know the valency of all the elements you can work out for yourself the formula for a chemical compound, provided you know its molecular weight, for valency tells you the number of atoms of one element that must combine with one atom of the other, and their total weights must add up to the molecular weight.
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Valency is the reason for the varying weights of the same element _________________ - Прочитайте текст
A body possesses energy when due to its position or condition it is capable of doing work and the work it can do is a measure of its energy.
Energy is of two forms: potential energy and kinetic energy. The potential energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body thanks to its position or configuration. For example, a lifted weight has potential energy due to the higher position into which it has been lifted since it can do work as it falls under the action of gravity. The potential energy of the weight in its highest position is the same as its kinetic energy after it has fallen to its lowest position.
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The potential energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body thanks to its __________________ - Прочитайте текст
There exist many sources of energy in the world both potential and kinetic. One source consists in water falling from a high level such as an upland lake. Another source is wind or moving air. Others consist in tides in the sea, heat from subterranean sources and coal deposits and oil wells yielding mineral oil.
But all these sources and stores of energy are not equally useful to mankind. Moreover some stores of energy such as coal and oil can never be replaced by us when once used up. On the other hand stores of high level water are continually being replaced by rain and wind and tides will not, as far as we know, ever cease to exist. A very important matter is the conversion of energy from one form to another. The form most required by us is mechanical rotational energy.
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Stores of high level water are continually being replaced by rain and wind and tides will not ever ________________ - Прочитайте текст
In the last management function, controlling, managers evaluate how well company objectives are being met. In order to complete this evaluation, managers must look at the objectives established in the planning phase and at how well the tasks assigned in the directing phase are being completed. If major problems exist and goals are not being achieved, then changes need to be made in the company’s organizational or managerial structure. In making changes, managers might have to go back and replan, reorganize, and redirect.
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If major problems exist and goals are not being achieved, then changes need to be made in the company’s _________________________ - Прочитайте текст
The test of good spirit is not that “people get along together”; it is performance, not conformance. “Good human relations” are not grounded in the satisfaction of good performance and the harmony of proper working relations is actually poor human relations and result in poor spirit. They do not make people grow; they make them conform and contract. We will never forget the university president who once said: “It is my job to make it possible for the first-rate teacher to teach. Whether he gets along with his colleagues or with me – and very few of really good teachers do either – is irrelevant”. And when his successor substituted for this a policy of “peace and harmony”, both the performance and the spirit of the faculty rapidly went to pieces.
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When president’s successor substituted for this a policy of “peace and harmony”, both the performance and the spirit of the faculty rapidly went ___________________ - Прочитайте текст
A phase monitoring relay which ignores momentary voltage or phase failure has been launched by Carlo Gavazzi Electromatic.
Designated the Electromatic S-System Type 5074, the relay was developed as a result of frustrations in the British water industry where monitoring relays had the costly and annoying feature of switching alarms or shutting down equipment when a mere momentary loss or reduction in voltage of a phase was detected. The Electromatic solution has been to build a delay on de-energise timer into the relay unit so that a 10 second delay is experienced before the relay points release.
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A phase monitoring relay which ignores momentary voltage or phase failure has been launched by ____________________ - Прочитайте текст.
Disneyland is the original theme park, “The Happiest Place on Earth” with over 60 attractions and home to Disney Characters. It’s a place where magic fills in the air. Disneyland Park is an experience not to be missed. Disneyland is located right in the middle of Southern California, 40 miles from LA airport, and about a 2 hour drive from San Diego. It is worth visiting if you have only one day in Southern California. In Disneyland one can visit 7 different lands based on favourite Disney themes of yesterday, tomorrow and fantasy. If you are tired of attractions, relax on sandy beaches, swim with sharks or ride the giant surf wave. Children will never forget time spent in the world of holidays in the resort. Come and enjoy!
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Disneyland Park is an experience … - Прочитайте текст
In 1889 the Second Socialist International designated May Day - the First of May - as the holiday for Labour.
As May 1st is not a public holiday in Great Britain, May Day celebrations are traditionally held on the Sunday following it, unless, of course, the 1st of May falls on a Sunday.
On May Sunday workers all over Britain march through the streets with colourful banners and slogans. The British workers hold meetings to voice their demands for a change in the Government’s policy both home and foreign, for higher wages and better working conditions. The demonstrators strongly protest against rising unemployment and restrictions to freedom of the British Trade Unions.
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On May Sunday workers all over Britain march through the streets ___________ - Прочитайте текст.
Heat causes liquids to expand. This effect is used in the thermostat in Fig. 21.2. An increase in air temperature causes the liquid to expand in the heat sensor. This expansion causes the valve to close and consequently the flow of hot water is reduced.
After a time, the temperature will go down and consequently the liquid will cool and contract. The spring load will now be greater than the liquid pressure and consequently the valve will open. Once again, the hot water flow is increased.
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Heat causes liquids to … - Прочитайте текст.
Personal computers (or microcomputers) were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit, or IС, which was developed in 1959 and the microprocessor that first appeared in 1971. The IС permitted the miniaturization of computer-memory circuits, and the microprocessor reduced the size of a computer’s CPU to the size of a single silicon chip.
Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed in 1974.
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A complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed … - Прочитайте текст
Americans consider themselves the nation of sports fans. A visitor to the USA may be really amazed at seeing how much attention is paid to different kinds of sports. The major sporting events are widely discussed in newspapers and magazines, and the names of famous sportsmen are known to everyone. Special TV channels broadcast championships all over the country. Hundreds of stadiums are built every year.
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Special TV channels broadcast championships _____________ - Прочитайте текст.
Information technology plays an important role in medicine. For example, a scanner takes a series of pictures of the body by means of computerized axial tomography (CAT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A computer then combines the pictures to produce detailed three-dimensional images of the body’s organs. In addition, the MRI produces images that show changes in body chemistry and blood flow.
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Information technology plays an important role in … - Прочитайте текст
Planning involves determining overall company objectives and deciding how these goals can best be achieved. Managers evaluate alternative plans before choosing a specific course of action and then check to see that the chosen plan fits into the objectives established at higher organizational levels. Planning is listed as the first management function because the others depend on it. However, even as managers move on to perform other managerial functions, planning continues as goals and alternatives are further evaluated and revised.
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Managers check to see that the chosen plan fits into the objectives established ____________________ - Прочитайте текст.
People typically refer to the owners of a law firm as partners. It is very prestigious for a lawyer to become a partner of his or her law firm. Partners are usually the most experienced lawyers in the firm and they charge the highest fees.
Lawyers who are employed by a firm but who are not owners are typically called associates. Associates can be very good lawyers but they typically have less experience than the partners of the firm. Although it varies from firm to firm, associates typically have to work for four to ten years before they are considered for partnership. Given their experience, associates typically bill at lower rates than partners.
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Lawyers who are employed by a firm but who are not owners… - Прочитайте текст
An important influence in marketing theory is the continuous and rapid change in consumer interests and desires. Consumers today are more sophisticated than those of past generations. They attend school for much longer; they are exposed to newspapers, magazines, movies, radio, television, and travel. Consumers also have much greater interaction with other people. Their demands are more exacting, and their taste changes more volatile. Markets tend to be segmented as each group calls for products suited to its particular tastes. «Positioning» the product - that is, determining the exact segment of the population that is likely to buy a product, and then developing a marketing campaign to enhance the product's image to fit that particular segment - requires great care and planning.
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Consumers also have much greater interaction with _______________________ - Прочитайте текст.
The purpose of this research was to find out what students aged 14-18 use their mobile phones for. It also aimed to find out what kind of phones they use. In addition, it asked how many hours they spend on the phone, and finds out if there is any difference between boys and girls in how they use their phones.
We found that girls prefer to use their phones to chat with friends, whereas boys prefer to send text messages. However, more girls than boys keep in touch with their parents by texting.
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We found that girls prefer to use their phones to chat with friends, whereas boys prefer to send … - Прочитайте текст.
People can now use the Internet and e-mail to communicate with each other cheaply and quickly. Twenty years ago, however, this wasn’t possible. In those days in Britain, some people used amateur radio to contact people all over the country, and even around the world. They had special radios in their houses that sent out radio signals. They contacted each other to exchange news about their lives and about the weather, or even to play games such as chess.
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People can now use the Internet and e-mail to communicate with each other … - Прочитайте текст.
Glass has been made into practical or decorative objects since ancient times. Glass blowing was probably developed in the first century BC in Syria. With this technique the possibilities for shaping glass into different forms became endless.
The Roman Empire used glass more than any other ancient civilisation. Romans adopted the technique from the Syrians and glass soon became fashionable. There were people, however, who regarded it as inferior to materials such as gold and silver. Gallenius, a Roman emperor, used to drink from a glass vessel because he believed that there was nothing less common than glass.
The Venetians developed the art of glassmaking in the middle Ages. There was so much demand for Venetian glass in Europe that glassworkers of the island of Murano were forbidden to visit Venice or teach their secrets to outsiders.
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Romans adopted the technique from … - Прочитайте текст.
Naval architects are engineers who design and supervise construction of ships. Ships must be designed and built so that they are safe, stable, strong, and fast enough to perform the type of work intended for them. A naval architect must be familiar with the variety of modern shipbuilding.
Marine engineering is a specialized branch of mechanical engineering devoted to the design and operation of systems, both mechanical and electrical, needed to propel a ship. Engineers in this field develop diesel engines and steam turbines that provide enough power to move the ship at the required speed.
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A naval architect must be familiar with … - Прочитайте текст.
For many years, sales of cigarettes in western countries have been falling, because people know more about the dangers of smoking. Because of this, one large tobacco company has increased its marketing activities in Asia and Latin America. In these parts of the world, people know less about the danger to their health from smoking. At the moment, about 150,000 people a year in Latin America die from smoking-related illness. This number is going up every year. The tobacco company knows this, but it continues to sell more and more cigarettes in these countries. The pressure group ASH (Action on Smoking and Health) says tobacco companies use the fact that people don’t understand the dangers. They believe this is unethical as it puts profits before people.
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For many years, sales of cigarettes in western countries have been falling, because people know more about the dangers of … - Прочитайте текст.
Robert Stephenson, the son of George Stephenson was a British civil engineer. He is mostly well-known for the construction of several notable bridges.
He was born in 1803. He was educated in Newcastle and at the University of Edinburgh. In 1829 he assisted his father in constructing a locomotive known as the Rocket, and four years later he was appointed construction engineer of the Birmingham and London Railway, completed in 1838.
Stephenson built several famous bridges, including the Victoria Bridge in England, the Britannia Bridge in Wales, two bridges across the Nile in Egypt and the Victoria Bridge in Montreal, Canada.
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Robert Stephenson is mostly well-known for the construction of … - Прочитайте текст
Sports based on the water have a natural home in Britain, which has a long and indented coastline providing sheltered and open water, as well as many lakes and rivers. Sailing is particularly popular, and to a lesser extent power boating. The national governing body, the Royal Yachting Association, has over 1,500 clubs throughout the country. Other popular water sports include canoeing, rowing, water-skiing and surfing.
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The national governing body, the Royal Yachting Association, has _______________ throughout the country - Прочитайте текст.
Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. The electronics of computers involve engineers in design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of peripheral devices.
One current trend in computer engineering is microminiaturization. Engineers try to place greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips. Another trend is towards increasing the speed of computer operations through the use of parallel processors and superconducting materials.
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The electronics of computers involve engineers in design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of … - Прочитайте текст
Omeg Ltd is launching two 360˚ servo potentiometers with life spans greater than 10 million cycles – a ten-fold increase on the company’s standard design carbon track rotary potentiometers. Long life results from a new flush bonding technique for producing the resistance tracks. This process uses a polymer based conductive plastic ink which is bonded at high temperature and pressure to an epoxy substrate to produce tracks that are hard wearing and have a mirror-like finish. The potentiometers are specifically designed for industrial control applications such as servo positioning, where high speed reversals of direction or vibration are encountered.
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Long life results from a new flush bonding technique for producing _______________ - Прочитайте текст.
After crops have begun to grow, a cultivator is used to destroy weeds and loosen and aerate the soil. A flame weeder, which produces a hot-air blast, can be used to destroy weeds growing around crops, such as cotton, that have stems of tough bark. The weeds are vulnerable to the hot air, but the tough stems protect the crops from damage. Chemical herbicides applied in the form of a spray or as granules are used extensively for weed control.
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After crops have begun to grow, a cultivator is used to destroy weeds and loosen and aerate … - Прочитайте текст
The basic mechanism of interaction between people in a company exists in three forms: to order someone to do something – “authoritarizm”, to ask someone to do something on certain conditions or without them – “compromise”, to wait until your partner takes the initiative and performs corresponding actions – “consensus”.
Consensus is a Japanese style of decision-making, i.e. keep discussing until the decision appears and becomes obvious, or until participant takes the responsibility for some decision. Thus, the decision is accepted only in case it is clear for all the participants or at least for several ones. This system of decision-making is the most effective one from the point of view of the minimization of risk. It is characterized by a strong discipline of its participants, and consequently high product quality. However this system is rather slow, having a high risk of refusal and breakdown in strong dynamic processes. As a rule, such management systems are used on the top management level. One of the important criteria of its use is almost equal social position of the participants. However, the last thesis is not obligatory, but the involving of less socially provided members requires professional growth prospects.
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Such management systems as consensus are used ______________________ - Прочитайте текст.
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a program and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results. The data is raw material while information is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making. Computer is used to convert data into information. Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.
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Computer is used to store information in the … - Прочитайте текст.
Chemical pesticides are used in nearly all farming operations undertaken in developed countries. However, increasing concern over the harmful effects that pesticides may have on the environment has led to the use of alternative forms of pest control. For example, farmers use crop rotation to prevent pests that feed on a certain crop. Also, certain pests are controlled by introducing an organism that damages or kills the pests, but leaves the crops unharmed. Finally, some crops are being genetically engineered to be more resistant to pests.
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Some crops are being genetically engineered to be more resistant to … - Прочитайте текст
Great attention is paid on keeping oneself physically fit. Companies spend money on building gyms and arranging sports facilities for their employees. A company staff may have an option of going to a swimming pool, a training centre or a golf course for a symbolic fee. The companies are pragmatic doing this. If a person goes in for sports he or she will be healthier and more energetic, and this will do good for the company he works for. Besides, medical care is very expensive, and it is often easier to prevent a disease by giving a person an opportunity to look after oneself than to pay the insurance afterwards.
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Companies spend money on building gyms and arranging sports facilities ________________ - Прочитайте текст
Thermodynamics is that branch of physics which deals with the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy and the reverse process of transforming heat into work.
The production of heat by mechanical means may be illustrated by the phenomenon of friction. For example, fire may be started while rubbing together two sticks of wood. Heat is developed when compressing a gas. The transformation of heat into work may be illustrated by operation of a steam or gas engine by means of which heat may be transformed into mechanical energy.
So a heat engine is a machine for transforming heat into mechanical energy, the most important of the practical heat engines being the steam engine and the internal combustion engines.
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The production of heat by mechanical means may be illustrated _____________ - Прочитайте текст.
When you know who your customers are and how big your market is, the next step is to set your objectives. Do you want to increase sales? To increase market share? Or to make your product different from the competition?
Next, think about your strategy for meeting your objectives. If your objective is to increase market share, you could:
– find new customers by making your product more attractive
– take customers from your competitors
– persuade your customers to use more of your product.
How will you make your strategy work? What message do you want to send? There are many types of promotion and it’s important to choose the right one, e.g.
– advertising on TV, in newspapers, etc.
– direct marketing by post (mailshots)
– telesales – selling to customers on the phone
– point-of-sale material in shops – free samples or special offers.
Now you are ready to launch your product in the market. Good luck!
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Now you are ready to launch your product in … - Прочитайте текст.
Public relations includes ongoing activities to ensure the company has a strong public image. Public relations activities include helping the public to understand the company and its products. Often, public relations are conducted through the media, that is, newspapers, television, magazines, etc. As noted above, public relations is often considered as one of the primary activities included in promotions.
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Public relations activities include helping the public to understand the company and its … - Прочитайте текст.
Bikes, planes and cars have wheels and tyres. Locomotives have wheels; they do not have tyres. Bikes have two wheels and two tyres. Planes have wings. Bikes, locomotives and cars do not have wings. Locomotives, cars and planes have engines. Bikes do not have engines.
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Cars do not have … - Прочитайте текст.
One of the first and largest applications of computers is keeping and managing business and financial records. Most large companies keep the employment records of all their workers in large databases that are managed by computer programs. Similar programs and databases are used in such business functions as billing customers; tracking payments received and payments to be made; and tracking supplies needed and items produced, stored, shipped, and sold. In fact, practically all the information companies need to do business involves the use of computers and information technology.
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Most large companies keep the employment records of all their workers in large databases that are managed by … - Прочитайте текст
There are only six public holidays a year in Great Britain. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer Bank Holiday.
Most of these holidays are of religious origin though it would be right to say that for the greater part of the population they have long lost their religious significance and are simply days on which people relax, eat, drink, and make merry.
Besides public holidays there are other festivals, anniversaries, celebrations and simply days, for example, Pancake Day and Bonfire Night, on which certain traditions are observed, but unless they fall on a Sunday, they are ordinary working days.
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Besides public holidays there are other festivals, anniversaries, celebrations and simply days on which certain traditions are observed, but unless they fall on a Sunday, they are ordinary _________________ - Прочитайте текст.
Big companies spend millions of dollars on developing their brand and designing their logo. Market research shows that more and more people are paying attention to the brand of the things they buy. Why? Because global brands like Pepsi have ideas and values connected with them.
Some people are very loyal to one brand because of the ideas and values associated with it. For example, some makes of car are associated with quality or reliability.
Other people are buying an image of themselves – the brand you use says what kind of person you are. Drinking Pepsi Max means you want to get the most from life – you want freedom and adventure, and therefore you are an exciting person. Wearing Nike trainers or sports clothes is all about individual achievement; you can do anything you want – just do it.
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Some makes of car are associated with … - Прочитайте текст.
Do you like tomatoes? Although people generally think of and use the tomato as a vegetable, in fact it is not one. It’s a fruit.
People in Central America have been eating tomatoes for many thousands of years. However, it was not until the Spanish arrived in Mexico in the early 1500s that tomatoes came to Europe. Before that, no one in Europe had ever seen a tomato! When tomatoes first appeared in Italy and Britain, many people were scared. Tomatoes were thought by many people to be poisonous. They refused to eat them and grew tomatoes only as plants for decoration. Since then, the tomato has become extremely popular. Can you imagine what food today would be like without it?
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Since then, the tomato has become extremely … - Прочитайте текст
St Valentine Day, February 14, is not a legal or a national holiday, but it is widely celebrated among persons of all ages by the exchange of “valentines”.
A valentine is sent to someone one loves, but usually without giving the name of the sender. Sometimes presents are exchanged or red roses given, as a sign of love.
Flowers and candy are favorite presents which sweethearts send to each other. Valentine candy is packed in red heart-shaped boxes and sold for this one day.
It is a favorite day for parties, especially by young people. The hosts decorate the hall with red and white paper and hearts.
St. Valentine is considered patron of sweethearts and lovers.
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Sometimes presents are exchanged or red roses given, as ____________ - Прочитайте текст.
To the ancient Egyptians, the heart was the centre of mental activity – the brain was unimportant. However, over the centuries the relationship between the brain and though, language, and the senses has been revealed. The human brain is built around nerve cells called neurons from which Neurology gets its name. There are billions of neurons and they are in constant communication with other nerve cells. The brain deals not only with reasoning and language but also with autonomic functions (such as sweating and breathing that are not under conscious control). It also processes emotions and generates hormones.
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There are billions of neurons and they are in constant communication with … - Прочитайте текст.
Nowadays a building’s framework is made of reinforced concrete and of structural steel. Concrete is made by mixing together small stones, sand, cement and water. The coarse stones used in the mix give the concrete its strength. The sand is needed to fill the gaps between the stones. The cement, mixed with just enough water to make it into a paste, covers the surface of all solids, and binds the entire mixture into single mass. It is used less water to make mixing concrete denser and stronger. It is a difficulty here. Dry mixing concrete is not so easy to stir as one that is fairly wet and sloppy. When it is really strong concrete, it is mixed with the necessary minimum of water and placed in the forms. After this it is vibrated with electrically vibrated bars. The mixture is tipped or piped into forms (wooden mold) of the shape required.
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The sand is needed … - Прочитайте текст
Pyroelectric infra-red sensors consist of a ceramic element, an alumina substrate and a circuit with field effect transistors (FET) and strong resistance, a window material.
To attain excellent sensitivity in a pyroelectric sensor, it is essential to make the pyroelectric element thin enough for a low-heat capacity. The engineers also must work out a specific sensor structure for little heat dissipation.
A pyroelectric infra-red sensor is using a conductive bonding agent to fix the pyroelectric element to the lead terminals of the stem. As a result, the clearance between the element and the alumina substrate holding the circuit remains constant, a construction that avoids heat dissipation. The element itself is between 50 and 100 µm thick, to offer appropriate heat capacity and handling ease.
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The engineers must work out a specific sensor structure for __________________ - Прочитайте текст
In Scotland the Scottish Football League comprises 37 clubs; Northern Ireland has its own league. Clubs belonging to the English and Scottish Leagues are organized in divisions, the members of which compete against one another for the respective league championships. Their positions in the divisional tables are decided at the end of the season by the number of points gained for wins or draws.
The annual competition for the FA Cup is organized on a knock-out basis and the Cup Final is one of the most important football matches of the year in England; it is always played at Wembley Stadium, near London, which can accommodate some 100,000 spectators. The Scottish Cup Final is played at Hampden Park, Glasgow. The matches between England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland also excite great interest, as do other international matches.
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The FA Cup Final is one of the most important football matches of the year __________________ - Прочитайте текст
The first law of thermodynamics is merely the law of conservation applied to the transformation of heat into work. It may be stated as follows: when work is expended in producing heat the quantity of heat generated is equivalent to the work done; and conversely, when heat is employed to do work, a quantity of heat precisely equivalent to the work done disappears.
The second law of thermodynamics is essentially the law of degradation of energy. Whereas the first law gives a relation that must be satisfied in any transformation of energy, it is the second law that gives information regarding the possibility of transformation and the availability of a given form of energy for transformation into work. A general statement of the second law is: “No change in a system of bodies that takes place of itself can increase the available energy of the system”.
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One of the laws of thermodynamics is the law of conservation applied to the transformation of _________________ - Прочитайте текст
The basic job of computers is the processing of information. For this reason, computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions called a program and characters called data, perform mathematical and/or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
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The basic job of computers is the processing of __________________ - Прочитайте текст
An auto-tune beacon receiver that automatically finds the strongest beacon station transmitting DGPS error corrections and locks onto it in seconds. The receiver works automatically with all Army Corps of Engineers DGPS beacon broadcasts transmitting in the Type 9 message format, as well as all international beacon systems.
A combined GPS/beacon also available as an option, eliminating the need for separate antennas, cables and external grounding. This H-field ferrite loop antenna provides improved signal reception under poor atmospheric conditions. The unit is waterproof and can be installed in an open cockpit or fly bridge. It has a large easy-to-read screen with simple menu-driven operation. The screen has been upgraded with a transflective LCD.
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H-field ferrite loop antenna provides improved signal reception under ______________ - Прочитайте текст.
If you happen to like a famous singer or film star, you can join a fan club. Fan clubs started in the 1950’s when popular singers appreciated their fans so much that it was decide to start a club so that they could find out more about their favourite star. Fans could receive signed photographs and information sheets, and all the latest news about concerts, new records, and so on. Nowadays, if you are eager to find out more about singers, film stars or sports clubs, you can easily join a fan club on the Internet, which appeals to those who can’t be bothered to write letters, and wait for replies. If you’re fond of watching soap operas, for example, you can discover all the details of the actors’ lives. While many stars appreciate this enthusiasm from their fans, unfortunately, not all of them are pleased by all the attention that they bring. Many famous people are very keen on preserving their privacy, and do not enjoy having their private lives made public. Some fans become so attached to their idols that they even try to follow them everywhere they go.
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Many famous people are very keen on preserving … - Прочитайте текст
Ecological concerns have affected product design and marketing, especially as the expense of product modification has increased the retail cost. Such forces, which have added to the friction between producer and consumer, must be understood by the marketer and integrated into a sound marketing program.
Even the way a firm handles itself in public life, that is, how it reacts to social and political issues, has become significant. The public’s dissatisfaction with the actions and attitudes of a firm has sometimes led to a reduction in sales; conversely, consumer enthusiasm, generated by a firm’s intentional establishment of a good public image or public relations, has led to increased sales.
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Ecological concerns have affected ____________________ - Прочитайте текст
People all over the world know Wimbledon as the center of lawn tennis. But most people do not know that it was famous for another game before tennis was invented. Wimbledon is now a part of Greater London. In 1874 it was the home of the All-England Croquet Club. The Club had been there since 1864. A lot of people played croquet in England at that time and enjoyed it, but the national championship did not attract many spectators. So the Club had very little money, and the members were looking for a way of getting some. “This new game of lawn tennis seems to have plenty of action, and people like watching it”, they thought. “Shall we allow people to play lawn tennis on some of our beautiful croquet lawns?”
In 1875 they changed the name of the club to the “All-England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club”, and that is the name that you will still find in the telephone book. Two years later, in 1877, Wimbledon held the first world lawn tennis championship. There were 22 players and 200 spectators, each paid one shilling. The Club was saved.
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In 1877 Wimbledon held the first world ______________________ - Прочитайте текст
The word computer comes from a Latin word which means to count. A computer is a machine with a complex network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one of two possible states, that is, on and off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters. The basic idea of the computer is that we can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or that magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.
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The word computer comes from a Latin word which means ________________