Тема Поисковое чтение с целью определения наличия или отсутствия в тексте запрашиваемой информации
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The firm is saying very little about the nature of terahertz signatures - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Farmed fish are kept in concentrations never seen in the wild - Определите, является ли утверждение:
In early 1920s graphic designers worked on designing buildings, theater sets, posters, fabrics, clothing, furniture, logos, menus, etc - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The term craft can also refer to the useful rural crafts of the agricultural countryside - Определите, является ли утверждение:
It is only the president who can make a mayor resign from his post - Определите, является ли утверждение:
It is necessary that an engineer should know the properties of engineering materials - Определите, является ли утверждение:
To transmit data via the Internet the HTTP protocol is used by the Web - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The biggest danger with a worm is its capability to quickly replicate itself - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Short wave can be transmitted at large distances - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The VX Revolution mouse designed for notebooks has the rubber scroll wheel - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Hydraulic fluid flows to the actuator, then returns to a tank, where it is filtered and re-pumped - Определите, является ли утверждение:
There is no any difference between camera images and scanned documents - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The dream of seeing distant places is as old as the human imagination - Определите, является ли утверждение:
An automated assembly line consists of machines, equipment, and workers - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The only limits on the university teacher are set by the superintendent - Определите, является ли утверждение:
There is only one geyser in the Yellowstone National Park - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The better economic situation is the shorter skirt lengths are - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Flicker
1. The first requirement to be met in image analysis is that the reproduced picture shall not flicker, since flicker induces severe visual fatigue. Flicker becomes more evident as the brightness of the picture increases. If flicker is to be unobjectionable at brightness suitable for home viewing during daylight as well as evening hours, the successive illuminations of the picture screen should occur no fewer than 50 times per second. This is approximately twice the rate of picture repetition needed for smooth reproduction of motion. To avoid flicker, therefore, twice as much channel space is needed as would suffice to depict motion.
2. The same disparity occurs in motion picture practice, in which satisfactory performance with respect to flicker requires twice as much film as is necessary for smooth simulation of motion. A way around this difficulty has been found, in motion pictures as well as in television, by projecting each picture twice. In motion pictures, the projector interposes a shutter briefly between film and lens while a single frame of the film is being projected.
3. In television, each image is analyzed and synthesized in two sets of spaced lines, one of which fits successively within the spaces of the other. Thus the picture area is illuminated twice during each complete picture transmission, although each line in the image is present only once during that time. This technique is feasible because the eye is comparatively insensitive to flicker when the variation of light is confined to a small part of the field of view.
4. It is thus possible to avoid flicker and simulate rapid motion by a picture rate of about 25 per second, with two screen illuminations per picture. The precise value of the picture-repetition rate used in a given region has been chosen by reference to the electric power frequency that predominates in the region.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Tourists can eat ethnic dishes in the restaurants of North America - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
International Business – With a Twist
1. Some of the world's most accommodating businessmen specialize in getting you what you want at a fair market price. But they're businessmen with a difference — they're smugglers who deal only in what's illegal. A smuggling operation is complex, so it has to be businesslike. It has managers who plan trips, make deals, and arrange for purchases and pick-ups. It has travelers who deliver the goods, and specialists who recruit and train them. In fact, smugglers frequently have legitimate businesses on the side. A travel agency is helpful because the modern smuggler is a world traveler. When a gold smuggler was arrested recently, he had airline tickets "from Geneva to Bangkok by way of Frankfurt, Nicosia, Istanbul, Beirut, Vancouver, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Manila, and Jakarta."
2. The best places for smuggling operations are border cities and seaports. In one such city, annual sales at local stores amounted to $6,900 for every person in town. But the average person only made $3,575 per year. A tiny seaport is the world's third largest importer of Swiss watches — every year, it buys 50 watches for every person in the city. Obviously, the people in these cities are not buying all this merchandise — it is being bought by smugglers.
3. As one expert wrote, "the ingenuity of the smuggler's mind is virtually limitless." In addition to special vests for carrying gold, there are other types of smuggling equipment. A diplomat was arrested in London with 298 watches sewn into his coat lining. British officials discovered a car with a special gas tank containing 2,581 illegal watches. But some smugglers don't need special equipment. A good diamond smuggler can hide two or three small diamonds in his mouth and still carry on a normal conversation.
4. What makes people smuggle? Profit is definitely a motive. Over $1.5 billion in illegal gold alone is smuggled every year, not to mention a multi-million dollar art smuggling trade and a thriving business in illegal diamonds. But many smugglers love excitement as much as profit. As one said, "You don't feel happy unless you have a line open and somebody making a run for you".
(World English)
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Numerical models make it possible to accurately predict 5 to 7 days in advance - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Culture is stronger than life and stronger than death, it offers man eternal life - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Architectural Planning
1. The natural environment is at once hindrance and a help, and the architect seeks both to invite its aid and to repel its attacks. To make building habitable and comfortable, one must control the effects of heat, cold, light, air, moisture, and dryness and foresee destructive potentialities such as fire, earthquake, flood, and disease. The placement and form of buildings in relation to their sites, the distribution of spaces within buildings, and other planning devices discussed below are fundamental elements in the aesthetics of architecture.
2. The arrangement of the axes of buildings and their parts is a device for regulating the effects of sun, wind, and rainfall. Within buildings, the axis and placement of each space determine the amount of sun it receives. Orientation may control air for circulation and reduce the disadvantages of wind, rain, and snow. The characteristics of the immediate environment also influence orientation: trees, land formation, and other buildings create shade and reduce or intensify wind, while bodies of water produce moisture and reflect the sun.
3. The choice of materials is conditioned by their own ability to withstand the environment as well as by properties that make them useful to human being. One of the architect's jobs is to find a successful solution to both conditions; to balance the physical and economic advantages of wood against the possibility of fire, termites, and mold, the weather resistance of glass and light metals against their high thermal conductivity, and many similar conflicts.
4. The control of the environment through the design of the plan and the outer shell of a building cannot be complete since extremes of heat and cold, light, and sounds penetrate into the interior, where they can be further modified by the planning of spaces and by conditioning devices. Today, heating, insulation, air conditioning, lighting, and acoustical methods have become basic parts of the architectural program.
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The first weather forecasting service was formed in the 20th century - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Although not a political movement, the Wandervцgel devoted themselves to folklore, folk music, and exaltation of their nation - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Confusion occurs due to the fact that domain names are not regarded as the market product - Определите, является ли утверждение:
This Baumgarten works established aesthetics as a branch of philosophy, influenced some noted German philosophers - Определите, является ли утверждение:
By the end of the 19th century the study of society had split into several specialties, just as the physical sciences were doing - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Different architectural styles should serve the needs of public welfare - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Between 1900 and 1977, Madame Tussauds was the main asset for the Tussauds group - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Selecting the equipment and technology plays the most important role in the «five M’s» system - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Gifted education
1. Gifted education (also known as Gifted and Talented Education (GATE), Talented and Gifted (TAG), is a broad term for special practices, procedures and theories used in the education of children who have been identified as gifted or talented. There is no standard global definition of what a gifted student is.
2. Appropriateness of forms of gifted education is the most hotly debated aspect among educators. Some people believe that gifted education resources lack availability and flexibility. They feel that in the alternate methods of gifted education, the gifted students "miss out" on having a "normal" childhood, at least insofar as "normal childhood" is defined as attending school in a mixed-ability classroom. Others believe that gifted education allows gifted students to interact with peers that are on their level, be adequately challenged, and leaves them better equipped to take on the challenges of life.
3. While giftedness is seen as an academic advantage, psychologically it can pose other challenges for the gifted individual. A person who is intellectually advanced may or may not be advanced in other areas. Each individual student needs to be evaluated for physical, social, and emotional skills without the traditional prejudices which prescribe either "compensatory" weaknesses or "matching" advancement in these areas. A person with significant academic talents often finds it difficult to fit in with schoolmates. These pressures often wane during adulthood, but they can leave a significant negative impact on emotional development.
4. Social pressures can cause children to "play down" their intelligence in an effort to blend in with other students. "Playing down" is seen somewhat more frequently in socially acute adolescents. This behavior is usually discouraged by educators when they recognize it. Unfortunately, the very educators who want these children to challenge themselves and to embrace their gifts and talents are often the same people who are forced to discourage them in a mixed-ability classroom, through mechanisms like refusing to call on the talented student in class so that typical students have an opportunity to participate.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
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Epoxy assemblies are allowed “superglue” system to support twelve-ton concrete slabs - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Recycling has been a common practice throughout human history - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Galloping oil prices became one of the main causes of uncontrolled inflation and enormous government budget deficits in the second half of the century - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Scotch hands are used for churning - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Renewable energy
1. Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. Each of these sources has unique characteristics which influence how and where they are used.
2. The majority of renewable energy technologies are powered by the sun. The Earth-Atmosphere system is in equilibrium so that heat radiation into space is equal to incoming solar radiation, the resulting level of energy within the Earth-Atmosphere system can roughly be described as the Earth's "climate."
3. The hydrosphere absorbs a major fraction of the incoming radiation. Most radiation is absorbed at low latitudes around the equator, but this energy is dissipated around the globe in the form of winds and ocean currents. Wave motion may play a role in the process of transferring mechanical energy between the atmosphere and the ocean through wind stress. Solar energy is also responsible for the distribution of precipitation which is tapped by hydroelectric projects, and for the growth of plants used to create biofuels.
4. While most renewable energy projects and production is large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to small off-grid applications, sometimes in rural and remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development. Some renewable energy technologies are criticized for being intermittent or unsightly, yet the renewable energy market continues to grow. Climate change concerns, coupled with high oil prices, peak oil, and increasing government support, are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialization.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
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Evidently some hormones also control the activity of certain genes - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Greenpeace is an environmental movement making efforts to protect the biosphere - Определите, является ли утверждение:
There are a number of well known fashion design schools worldwide - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Cognitive theories
1. Cognitive theories are appropriate to the school situation, for they are concerned with knowing and thinking. They assume that perceiving and doing, shown in manipulation and play, precede the capacity to symbolize, which in turn prepares for comprehensive understanding. Although the sequence of motor-perceptual experience followed by symbolic representation has been advocated for a long time, Jean Piaget offered the first penetrating account of this kind of intellectual growth. His views have exercised great influence on educators.
2. Cognitive theories of learning also assume that the complete act of thought follows a fairly common sequence, as follows: arousal of intellectual interest; preliminary exploration of the problem; formulation of ideas, explanations, or hypotheses; selection of appropriate ideas; and verification of their suitability.
3. Teaching based on cognitive theories of learning recognizes, first, the growth in quality of intellectual activity and capitalizes on this knowledge by organizing instruction to anticipate the next stage in development but does not await it; otherwise there would be no instruction; i.e., instruction should pace development but not outstrip it. Second, it seeks to tune the learning situation to the sequences of the complete act of thought and to arrange, simplify, and organize the subject matter accordingly. Some educators emphasize strongly the arousal phase; in many modern science curricula there is, thus, the idea of inquiry training, which tries to arouse in the child a spontaneous rather than a directed interest. Other educators are concerned more with the middle intellectual phases of the thinking sequence — especially the playing with hypotheses or hunches and the working with organizing ideas and concepts.
4. Once started, the motivation of cognitive learning depends less on notions of reinforcement and more on standards of intellectual achievement generated by the learner himself. Accordingly, the learner may begin to have aspirations and to set himself future standards that are influenced by his past performances and those of his fellows.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Ernst also held several patents in the field of his investigations - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Some painters, writers and scientists, including Goethe, Kandinsky, have written their own colour theory - Определите, является ли утверждение:
As artists are products of their time, they absorb the prevailing ideas, beliefs, and techniques of their generation - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The standard programme must be determined by the teacher - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Digital electronics
1. Computers understand only two numbers, 0 and 1, and do all their arithmetic operations in this binary mode. Many electrical and electronic devices have two states: they are either off or on. Because computers have been a major application for integrated circuits from their beginning, digital integrated circuits have become commonplace. It has thus become easy to design electronic systems that use digital language to control their functions and to communicate with other systems.
2. A major advantage in using digital methods is that the accuracy of a stream of digital signals can be verified, and, if necessary, errors can be corrected. An example is the sound from a phonograph record, which always contains some extraneous sound from the surface of the recording groove even when the record is new. Contrast this with the sound from a digital compact disc recording. The disc and the player contain error-correcting features that remove any incorrect pulses (perhaps arising from dust on the disc) from the information as it is read from the disc.
3. As electronic systems become more complex, it is essential that errors produced by noise be removed; otherwise, the systems may malfunction. Many electronic systems are required to operate in electrically noisy environments, such as in an automobile. The only practical way to assure immunity from noise is to make such a system operate digitally.
4. Any electrical system generates some noise, and all electronic systems are to some degree susceptible to disturbance from noise. The noise may be conducted along wires connected to the system, or it may be radiated through the air. Care is necessary in the design of systems to limit the amount of noise that is generated and to shield the system properly to protect it from external noise sources.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Ship models are created with the purpose of designing a new ship - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Ecology studies could address endangered species - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Artificial intelligence contributed greatly to the development of comparative psychology - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Short wave can be transmitted on larger frequency than long or medium wave