Тема Изучающее чтение с элементами анализа информации
- Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Rubella induces congenital deformities if a pregnant woman should acquire the disease - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A good manager is the creator of his working environment - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Structure and function of a protein are interconnected due to the properties of amino acids - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
LES APPROCHES DU MANAGEMENT
1. La formalisation du "management" est relativement récente. Vers la fin du xixe siècle, Frederick Taylor propose le concept d'organisation scientifique du travail qui repose sur la décomposition du travail en gestes élémentaires chronométrés et organisés rationnellement pour former une chaîne de production. Taylor désirait appliquer les principes généraux d'amélioration de la productivité par la division du travail à l'entreprise.
2. Parallèlement, Henri Fayol propose une approche similaire en comprenant que le prix des approvisionnements, la fiabilité des outils, la disposition des lieux de travail et la qualité de l'encadrement comptent tout autant que la quantité produite par l'entreprise. On parle alors d'administration moderne, qui fut alors et est toujours aujourd'hui la base de tout manuel de gestion. Il amène les concepts de systématisation du travail du dirigeant, de la prévision jusqu'au contrôle en passant par la décision. On reconnaît alors les principes de gestion : prévoir, organiser, commander, coordonner et contrôler. Aujourd'hui, on reconnaît plutôt ces termes sous le PODC: « Planifier, Organiser, Diriger et Contrôler »
3. Les approches épistémologiques de management se sont en fait grandement diversifiées. Il est possible d'approfondir l’histoire du management par la distinction arbitraire de deux modes d'approche du management qui se complètent dans les articles de détails suivants :
l'économie des organisations qui dérive de l'économie générale et la sociologie des organisations pour toutes les approches moins facilement modélisables.
4. Le management incluant ces deux domaines cherche par ce juste mélange à se rapprocher d'outils de gestion permettant d'améliorer l'organisation. Le management ne peut se réduire ainsi à la gestion des ressources humaines, mais plus globalement à la gestion de l'organisation.
Economie et science
Информация Les principes de gestion étaient élaborés par Henri Fayol соответствует содержанию _______ части текста - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A tree and a shrub differ in height and the number of trunks - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The Chinese ships of the past were safe and reliable as they were made of fir timber - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Who Are Currency Speculators?
1. They are financial swashbucklers, ready to throw down fortunes betting that a certain currency may rise or fall. Among the most successful swashbucklers are George Soros and Julian Robertson, who each control multibillion- dollar portfolios. Soros is known in London as “the man who broke the Bank of England”, for on September 16, 1992, Black Wednesday, Soros bet that Britain would give up trying to maintain the value of the pound against the D-mark. Soros kept his bet on a cheaper pound even after the chancellor of exchequer promised that Britain would not flee, and even after the Bank of England sharply boosted interest rates and spent $30 billion to defend the pound. Soros's fund apparently earned a billion dollars from the British bet.
2. Not all risky bets turn out so well. In early 1994, Soros admitted that his fund lost about $600 million by betting incorrectly that the dollar would strengthen against the yen, along with watching some other investments turn sour. After all, Soros made his billion dollars off of Britain because the politicians were trying to maintain a currency arrangement that imperiled the feeble British economy by propping rates up too high.
3. For all the glamour, players in the currency markets get by on hard work and tough analysis. Before speculators place their bets, they try to figure out the answers to key questions like, Is the central bank acting responsibly on monetary policy? Is the government allowing social spending to spin out of control beyond the means of the taxpayers? Are the politicians honestly portraying the country's ability to meet its debts? If the answer to any of these questions is no, the currency traders will swoop down and dump the nation's currency until leaders deliver honest answers.
4. Ultimately, the currency is a symbol of country's credibility and integrity. The international financial markets stand ready to discipline and expose fraudulent governments.
Ответьте на вопрос:
When can the currency traders dump the nation’s currency - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The system that is responsible for changing air . cushion pressure - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Bacteria may curdle milk - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A long procedure of transforming one measurement into another is presented - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Mixed economies
1. A mixed economy contains elements of both market and planned economies. At one extreme we have a command economy, which does not allow individuals to make economic decisions, at the other extreme we have a free market, where individuals exercise considerable economic freedom of choice without any government restrictions. Between these two extremes lies a mixed economy.
2. In mixed economies some resources are controlled by the government whilst others are used in response to the demands of consumers. Technically, all the economies of the world are mixed. Some countries are nearer to command economies, while others are closer to free market economies.
3. The aim of mixed economies is to avoid the disadvantages of both systems while enjoying the benefits that they both offer. So, in a mixed economy the government and the private sector interact in solving economic problems. The state controls the share of the output through taxation and transfer payments and intervenes to supply essential items such as health, education and defence, while private firms produce cars, furniture, electrical items and similar, less essential products.
4. The UK is a country with mixed economy. Some services are provided by the state (for example, health care and defence) whilst a range of privately owned businesses offer other goods and services.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the purpose of a mixed economy - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
QU’EST-CE QUI FAIT UN BON MANAGER
1. Au-delà des méthodes, techniques et outils, l’excellence du management est aussi une affaire de représentations mentales, d’attitudes personnelles et de sensibilité. En d’autres termes, un état d’esprit et un savoir être en devenir. Alors, le premier outil du manager, c’est lui-même.
2. Les petits plus du manager efficient :
· il est heureux dans ce qu’il fait et laisse ses collaborateurs prendre du plaisir à leurs activités ;
· il possède un haut niveau d’exigence, respecte et fait respecter les engagements pris auprès des actionnaires, des clients, des usagers et du personnel ;
· il donne la priorité à la mission de son unité ou de son équipe et fait participer tout le personnel à cette priorité ;
· Il coopère avec les autres services en transversal
· il traite les griefs avec ses collaborateurs et avec ses interlocuteurs le plus près possible de leur source ;
· il sait gérer, organiser et compter ;
· il communique et écoute avec aisance ;
· il gère correctement son temps et celui des autres ;
· il aime réussir à faire réussir ses collaborateurs ;
· il prend soin de lui ;
· il traverse les difficultés avec résilience et éthique.
3. Pour adopter ces attitudes avec aisance, le manager doit travailler trois types de compétences :
1. compétences stratégiques : anticiper, inventer le futur, donner du sens, proposer des scénarios, orienter les actions du personnel vers la qualité de service aux clients ;
2. compétences de gestion : conduire des processus et des projets, accompagner les changements, traiter les écarts entre objectifs et résultats, optimiser le rapport coût / efficacité de l’unité ou de l’entreprise ;
3. compétences relationnelles : faire émerger la compétence collective, relier les cultures et les métiers dans l’entreprise, relier l’entreprise avec son environnement social et culturel.
4. Travailler ces compétences en connexion n’est pas facile et suppose réflexivité et lucidité. UN vrai entrainement !
http://www.questions-de-management.com
Информация Un bon manager doit savoir se servir des méthodes et des techniques du management et il doit aussi avoir un bon esprit et être un bon ccommunicateur соответствует содержанию _______ части текста - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Governments play an important part in the system of control of epidemic infections - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The youngster¢s mum has her doubts about her son giving up burgling - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Digital technologies are used to estimate changes in weather conditions - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
English landscapes can serve as an illustration of the geological history of England - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The trigonometric theory was developed in the 16th century - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The sphere of responsibilities of the city council - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Structures of amino acids found in proteins are different in their chains - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Different modifications of the Maverick are propelled with the same motor - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The role of Earth science in solving environmental problems - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The art of building non-military structures was known as civil engineering - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Bacteria may curdle milk - Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
The connection of history of mankind with forests - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Churning makes milk fats conjoin - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Soil organisms provide chemical and mechanical support of soil - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There is no pie for division in public law - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The methods of solid-state electronics turned out to be very useful for making some electrical components - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
In compound semiconductors pure silicon is not the most suitable material - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The more experience people had, the more accurate maps became - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
KBP has taken a leading position in the country in the area of high accuracy “intelligent” missiles - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The American authorities employ various measures to prevent a possible economic crisis - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There are facilities extending the range of the gun system - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
More complex classification became possible with electron microscopy development - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
International Business – With a Twist
1. Some of the world's most accommodating businessmen specialize in getting you what you want at a fair market price. But they're businessmen with a difference — they're smugglers who deal only in what's illegal. A smuggling operation is complex, so it has to be businesslike. It has managers who plan trips, make deals, and arrange for purchases and pick-ups. It has travelers who deliver the goods, and specialists who recruit and train them. In fact, smugglers frequently have legitimate businesses on the side. A travel agency is helpful because the modern smuggler is a world traveler. When a gold smuggler was arrested recently, he had airline tickets "from Geneva to Bangkok by way of Frankfurt, Nicosia, Istanbul, Beirut, Vancouver, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Manila, and Jakarta."
2. The best places for smuggling operations are border cities and seaports. In one such city, annual sales at local stores amounted to $6,900 for every person in town. But the average person only made $3,575 per year. A tiny seaport is the world's third largest importer of Swiss watches — every year, it buys 50 watches for every person in the city. Obviously, the people in these cities are not buying all this merchandise — it is being bought by smugglers.
3. As one expert wrote, "the ingenuity of the smuggler's mind is virtually limitless." In addition to special vests for carrying gold, there are other types of smuggling equipment. A diplomat was arrested in London with 298 watches sewn into his coat lining. British officials discovered a car with a special gas tank containing 2,581 illegal watches. But some smugglers don't need special equipment. A good diamond smuggler can hide two or three small diamonds in his mouth and still carry on a normal conversation.
4. What makes people smuggle? Profit is definitely a motive. Over $1.5 billion in illegal gold alone is smuggled every year, not to mention a multi-million dollar art smuggling trade and a thriving business in illegal diamonds. But many smugglers love excitement as much as profit. As one said, "You don't feel happy unless you have a line open and somebody making a run for you".
(World English)
Ответьте на вопрос
Why do you think smuggling business hasn’t been stopped yet - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The main types of publications - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Constructing Walls for Buildings
1. Walls may be constructed in different forms. The walls include windows and doors, heads and sills, stanchion casings and inner lining panels. The doors and windows provide for controlled passage of environmental factors and people through the wall line. The aluminium heads, sills and windows are fixed from inside the building. After this, the 900 mm and 1.800 mm wide exterior doors are installed. These doors are aluminum framed.
2. All walls are also designed to provide resistance to passage of fire for some defined period of time, such as a one-hour wall. The function of resisting fire is fulfilled by stanchions. The stanchions are enclosed in casings.
3. The walls are divided into interior and exterior walls. The exterior walls protect the building interior from external environmental effects such as heat and cold, sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, rain, sound, while containing desirable interior environmental conditions. The exterior walls are made up of brick cladding, wall planks. The wall planks are designed to be weatherproof and to support the outer cladding.
Ответьте на вопрос.
What can a wall contain - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея
Resorts in Sicily are also historical places - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A computer mouse performance is very important for artists - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
School camps are situated in a permanent place - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
A Radar System
1. A radar system has a transmitter that emits radio waves called radar signals in predetermined directions. When these come into contact with an object they are usually reflected and/or scattered in many directions. Radar signals are reflected especially well by materials of considerable electrical conductivity – especially by most metals, by seawater, by wet land, and by wetlands. The radar signals that are reflected back towards the transmitter are the desirable ones that make radar work. If the object is moving either closer or farther away, there is a slight change in the frequency of the radio waves, due to the Doppler effect.
2. Radar receivers are usually, but not always, in the same location as the transmitter. Although the reflected radar signals captured by the receiving antenna are usually very weak, these signals can be strengthened by the electronic amplifiers that all radar sets contain. The weak absorption of radio waves by the medium through which it passes is what enables radar sets to detect objects at relatively-long ranges – ranges at which other electromagnetic wavelengths, such as visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, are too strongly attenuated. In particular, there are weather conditions under which radar works well regardless of the weather. Such things as fog, clouds, rain, falling snow, and sleet that block visible light are usually transparent to radio waves.
3. Finally, radar relies on its own transmissions, rather than light from the Sun or the Moon, or from electromagnetic waves emitted by the objects themselves, such as infrared wavelengths (heat). This process of directing artificial radio waves towards objects is called illumination, regardless of the fact that radio waves are completely invisible to the human eye or cameras.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What enables radio waves to detect objects being far enough from radio transmitter - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Vitamins are different in their structures - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Water quality regulation is the subject matter of modern forestry - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
For recreation mostly private aircraft are used - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The computer, television, and data communications will soon become parts of one technology - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
ATGW-3/LR has a number of disadvantages - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
When paper became easily available, the prints were produced in very large numbers - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Algae produce nearly four-fifths of the global oxygen - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The size of planktonic organisms differs greatly - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The use of food irradiation reduces nutritional value of food