Тема Изучающее чтение с элементами анализа информации
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Organic compounds which provide energy for the cell's metabolic needs - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
General objectives of teaching
1. The classification of the general objectives of teaching in terms of school subject matter is not sufficient to explain the ultimate ends of education. These include, essentially, the promotion of a well-integrated person capable of taking a responsible, active role in society. With such a purpose in mind, one may achieve more insight by choosing a psychological analysis of the objectives into the attainment of intellectual abilities and social insights (cognition), the learning of practical active skills (psychomotor learning), and the development of emotions, attitudes, and values (affective learning).
2. Cognitive growth begins at the level of the infant school, with the acquisition of early language and numerical capabilities, and continues increasingly to dominate education to the secondary and higher levels. But the learner is more than an enlarging reservoir of information. With this acquisition goes a growing power to generalize, abstract, infer, interpret, explain, apply, and create. Cognitive training produces a thinker–observer aware of the modes of thought and judgment making up human intellectual activity. In the final stages, the teacher aims at a thinker, critic, organizer, and creator.
3. The permeation of emotional learning throughout the whole educative process is not always obvious, in part because very often it is brought about incidentally. Teachers may be self-conscious and self-critical about the deliberate inculcation of emotional responses, which will provide the energy and a mainspring of social life.
4. The acquisition and application of values and attitudes are most marked by the time of adolescence and dominate the general life of the young individual. Theoretical, aesthetic, social, economic, political, hedonistic, and religious values pervade the school curriculum. Literature, art, the humanities, and religious teaching are all directly involved, and the teaching of science and mathematics can bring about a positive attitude toward cognitive and theoretical values.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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What does the acquisition of information by the learner promote - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The ways of evacuating the casualties from the war zone are different - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
America is the world’s largest economy - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The Chinese ships of the past were safe and reliable as they were made of fir timber - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Transistors are made from semiconductor materials with addition of small amounts of impurities - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Consumers today rely on processed food rather than spend many hours cooking and canning - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
It is not in XXth century when recycling practices evolved - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Gaseous-discharge lamps are mostly important for exterior lighting - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
On the printing press the plate cylinder is wetted and inked in turn - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
For recreation mostly private aircraft are used - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
After evaporation of the inland seas the intermixed beds of limestone, shales, and minerals were created - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Parenting Styles
1. In authoritarian parenting style, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their children. Authoritarian parenting styles generally lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in happiness, social competence and self-esteem.
2. Like authoritarian parents, those with an authoritative parenting style establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. However, this parenting style is much more democratic. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions. When children fail to meet the expectations, these parents are more nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing. They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible, and self-regulated as well as cooperative. Authoritative parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful.
3. Permissive parents, sometimes referred to as indulgent parents, have very few demands to make of their children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control. Permissive parents are generally nurturing and communicative with their children, often taking on the status of a friend more than that of a parent. Permissive parenting often results in children who rank low in happiness and self-regulation. These children are more likely to experience problems with authority and tend to perform poorly in school.
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Why are the children of authoritarian parents generally obedient and proficient - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The amounts of vitamins synthesized by an animal are insufficient to meet body needs - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
All colours are created by some combination of the three subtractive primary colours - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Multimedia have various applications in different spheres of life - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Plastic Materials
1. Plastic materials are not found in nature. Plastic is formed by extrusion or injection molding under very high pressure. It can be molded into any desired shape. Organic plastics are divided into two general groups: thermosetting and thermoplastic. The thermosetting group becomes rigid through a chemical change that occurs when heat is applied. These plastics cannot be remolded. The thermoplastic group remains soft at high temperatures and must be cooled before becoming rigid. This group is not used generally as a structural material.
2. Plastics are rapidly becoming important construction materials because of their great variety, strength, durability and lightness. Plastics are light. The benefits of light weight coupled with good strength and absence of corrosion offer tremendous potential as alternatives to traditional building materials. A given volume of polythene weights less than one-eighth of an equal volume of iron and less than half of the same volume of aluminum.
3. Plastics are used in the industry and in the household: from rockets and electronics to toys and house ware. Plastic products offer many advantages over the materials they replace, such as ease of handling, lower maintenance costs and rapidity of assembly. The insulation and dielectric properties of plastics led to their early use in the electrical engineering industry, which was followed by special application in mechanical engineering.
4. Using of plastics as materials for a construction in the form of sheets, rods or tubes is substituting the conventional metals. Plastics offer a lot of properties for the designs. Plastics have now been developed to such an extent that they can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundations to the final coat of paint.
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Why do plastics replace traditional building materials - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
It is cheaper to use trains than airplanes while traveling in Europe - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Fiber-optic communication
1. In fiber-optic communications information is transmitted by sending light through optical fibers. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and have played a major role in the advent of the Information Age.
2. Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. Due to much lower attenuation and interference, optical fiber has large advantages over existing copper wire in long-distance and high-demand applications. However, infrastructure development within cities was relatively difficult and time-consuming, and fiber-optic systems were complex and expensive to install and operate.
3. Due to these difficulties, fiber-optic communication systems have primarily been installed in long-distance applications, where they can be used to their full transmission capacity, offsetting the increased cost. Since 2000, the prices for fiber-optic communications have dropped considerably.
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What is the principle of information transmission with fiber-optic communications - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques are widely used in chemistry and other sciences - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Primitive dancers reflected different changes experienced by people - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Heavy equipment can be set up on the tops of tall buildings with the help of helicopters - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Transverse bulkheads originated from China - Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
Issues of protection of natural communities - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The training of an artist took a lot of time and efforts - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There are still certain difficulties in heart-lung and pancreas transplantation - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Some fruits are disliked by people - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Transistors started to replace vacuum tubes in the 1950’s due to their advantages in size and power consumption - Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
Various natural sources of input energy for machines - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The development of the project will be very profitable for the joint undertaking in the near future - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Composite materials are regarded as the most advanced and reliable ones in boat building - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Economic geology is a scientific discipline dealing with commercial materials - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Not all phytoplankton species are obligate photoautotrophs - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The An-225 design was modified for transporting very large and heavy cargo - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Human resources are a very important component of any organization - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There is a clearly defined curriculum at school - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The rise of steel armour’s cost is caused by the improvement of its protective characteristics - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A court system can differ in different countries - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Any wireless network is supported by a wired network at some point - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Plasma Cutters
1. Modern industry depends on the manipulation of heavy metal and alloys. We need metals to build the tools and transportation necessary for day-to-day business. The reason is simple: metals are extremely strong and durable, so they're the logical choice for most things that need to be especially big, especially sturdy, or both.
2. The funny thing is that metal's strength is also a weakness: because metal is so good at resisting damage, it's very difficult to manipulate and form into specialized pieces. People can precisely cut and manipulate the metals using the plasma cutter. The plasma cutter is actually a common tool that has been around since World War II.
3. Plasma cutters are not the only devices to harness the power of plasma. Neon signs, fluorescent lighting and plasma displays, just to name a few, all rely on it to get the job done. These devices use "cool" plasma. Though cool plasma cannot be used to cut metals, it has tons of other useful applications.
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How is the effectiveness of plasma used in industry - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Marlin offers American people a great choice of rifles - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The main goal of differentiated spaces is interconnection - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
By being arranged into groupings of various size, solar cells may produce energy for distribution to industrial, commercial, and residential users - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A veterinarian is in danger to have zoonoses than any other person - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Scope and importance of botany
1. In biology, plant life can be studied from different perspectives, from the molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organelles, cells, tissues, organs, individuals, plant populations, and communities of plants. At each of these levels a botanist might be concerned with the classification, structure (anatomy and morphology), or function (physiology) of plant life.
2. Historically all living things were grouped as animals or plants, and botany covered all organisms not considered animals. Some organisms once included in the field of botany are no longer considered to belong to the plant kingdom – these include fungi (studied in mycology), lichens (lichenology), bacteria (bacteriology), viruses (virology) and single-celled algae, which are now grouped as part of the Protista. Paleobotanists study also ancient plants in the fossil record. It is believed that early in the Earth's history, the evolution of photosynthetic plants altered the global atmosphere of the earth, changing the ancient atmosphere by oxidation.
3. The study of plants is vital because they are a fundamental part of life on Earth, which generates the oxygen, food, fibres, fuel and medicine that allow humans and other life forms to exist. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that in large amounts can affect global climate. Additionally, they prevent soil erosion and are influential in the water cycle. A good understanding of plants is crucial to the future of human societies as it allows us to produce food to feed an expanding population, to understand fundamental life processes, to produce medicine and materials to treat diseases.
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Why do scientists pay special attention to the study of plants nowadays - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Nuclear physics
1. The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
2. Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy. Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy.
3. Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction that creates huge amounts of energy. It takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth. At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy. Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations.
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What form of producing energy is better studied by scientists - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The operating environments of .Irbis - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Pop culture is related with different aspects of mass media - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
An actor should posses a number of useful skills including effective body language and pleasant voice - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
MEMS can be used to develop products that are useful in many spheres of people’s lives