Тема Изучающее чтение с элементами сопоставления
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A microwave oven
1. A microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (a wavelength of 12.24 centimetres), through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating.
2. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electromagnetic field of the microwaves. This molecular movement represents heat which is then dispersed as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.
3. Microwave heating is more efficient on liquid water than on fats and sugars (which have a smaller molecular dipole moment), and also more efficient than on frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate). Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a resonance of water molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapor at much higher frequencies, at about 20 GHz.
4. A common misconception is that microwave ovens cook food from the "inside out". In reality, microwaves are absorbed in the outer layers of food in a manner somewhat similar to heat from other methods. The misconception arises because microwaves penetrate dry non-conductive substances at the surfaces of many common foods, and thus often induce initial heat more deeply than other methods. Depending on water content, the depth of initial heat deposition may be several centimetres or more with microwave ovens, in contrast to infrared or convection heating, which deposit heat thinly at the food surface. Penetration depth of microwaves is dependent on food composition and the frequency, with lower microwave frequencies (longer wavelengths) penetrating better.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
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Flicker
1. The first requirement to be met in image analysis is that the reproduced picture shall not flicker, since flicker induces severe visual fatigue. Flicker becomes more evident as the brightness of the picture increases. If flicker is to be unobjectionable at brightness suitable for home viewing during daylight as well as evening hours, the successive illuminations of the picture screen should occur no fewer than 50 times per second. This is approximately twice the rate of picture repetition needed for smooth reproduction of motion. To avoid flicker, therefore, twice as much channel space is needed as would suffice to depict motion.
2. The same disparity occurs in motion picture practice, in which satisfactory performance with respect to flicker requires twice as much film as is necessary for smooth simulation of motion. A way around this difficulty has been found, in motion pictures as well as in television, by projecting each picture twice. In motion pictures, the projector interposes a shutter briefly between film and lens while a single frame of the film is being projected.
3. In television, each image is analyzed and synthesized in two sets of spaced lines, one of which fits successively within the spaces of the other. Thus the picture area is illuminated twice during each complete picture transmission, although each line in the image is present only once during that time. This technique is feasible because the eye is comparatively insensitive to flicker when the variation of light is confined to a small part of the field of view.
4. It is thus possible to avoid flicker and simulate rapid motion by a picture rate of about 25 per second, with two screen illuminations per picture. The precise value of the picture-repetition rate used in a given region has been chosen by reference to the electric power frequency that predominates in the region.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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SAP – eine Weltfirma aus der Provinz
1. Die SAP (Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung) befindet sich in der kleinen Stadt Walldorf bei Heidelberg. Die Firma ist im Jahre 1972 gegründet. Sie hat etwa 7000 Software-Spezialisten und ist mit einem Jahresumsatz von 2,7 Milliarden Euro das fünftgrößte Softwarehaus der Welt. Die Produkte R/2 und R/3 z.B. ersparen einem Unternehmen Finanzbuchhaltung, Produktionssteuerung, Auftragsbearbeitung oder Controlling. Zusammen mit MICROSOFT hat SAP die offene Standardschnittstelle “Bapi” entwickelt. Mit Hilfe dieser Schnittstelle kann jeder Internet-Nutzer auf die nötigen Softwareanwendungen zugreifen.
2. Die SAP stellt hauptsächlich die deutschen Uniabsolventen ein. Fast 80 Prozent der Mitarbeiter haben studiert. Bewerber, die mit dem Unternehmen zusammen Diplomarbeibeiten geschrieben oder dort ein Praktikum absolviert haben, werden bevorzugt. Wer eingeladen wird, den erwarten mehrere Gespräche im Personalbereich. Wichtiges Kriterium: Paßt der Bewerber ins Team?
3. Mitarbeiter, die an besonders arbeitsintensiven Projekten teilnehmen, erhalten in der Regel eine Extraprämie. Gleichzeitig können die Mitarbeiter SAP-Aktien um 15 Prozent günstiger als der Börsenkurs kaufen.
4. Als Einstellungskriterium gilt auch: man muß bereit sein, immer neue Herausforderungen zu suchen und auch große Aufgaben nicht zu scheuen. SAP stellt am liebsten Absolventen frisch von der Uni ein.
Установите соответствие между приведенными утверждениями и абзацами текста:
a) Die SAP hilft den Betrieben, die ganze Finanzbuchhaltung zu führen
b) Die Mitarbeiter der SAP bekommen manchmal Extraprämie, wenn sie an besonders arbeitsintensiven Projekten arbeiten
c) Fast 80 Prozent der Mitarbeiter der SAP sind Uniabsolventen
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