Тема Изучающее чтение с элементами сопоставления
- Ответьте на вопрос
What do different seasonal conditions affect in the tree structure - Ответьте на вопрос
What is the advantage of bronze alloys in comparison with stone materials - Ответьте на вопрос
What are group members - Ответьте на вопрос
What characteristic of terahertz screening systems is unacceptable for passengers - Ответьте на вопрос:
What technology did away with metal type completely - Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the regulatory role of vitamins - Ответьте на вопрос
How can researchers predict changes across the landscape? - Ответьте на вопрос
What does a proofreader do - Ответьте на вопрос:
What may the performance of a machine be based on - Ответьте на вопрос
What is synoptic meteorology - Ответьте на вопрос:
What people take part in making the judgment of the court - Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the main tendency on the weapon market - Ответьте на вопрос:
Why do ruminants require a lot of plant material to meet their protein needs - Ответьте на вопрос
Why was it so expensive to build the Victoria Embankment - Ответьте на вопрос:
What gave rise to the development and appearance of the combined type of vessels - Ответьте на вопрос:
What depends on the amount of crane capacity - Ответьте на вопрос:
What effects can poorly fitted shoes cause - Ответьте на вопрос:
What was Gerardus Mercator’s greatest achievement - Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the task of a special “prehearing” judge - Ответьте на вопрос:
What modern devises is AMX 10RC equipped with - Ответьте на вопрос:
How can the reservation be made - Ответьте на вопрос:
Why are disulfide bonds of great importance for protein structure - Ответьте на вопрос:
How can the position of the aircraft or ship be found - Ответьте на вопрос:
What do computer desktop publishing programs allow the printer to do - Ответьте на вопрос:
What are the most dangerous consequences of human activities for global forests - Ответьте на вопрос:
What are cattle and fish similar in? - Ответьте на вопрос:
What are topographical maps - Ответьте на вопрос:
What served as a major semiconductor material before silicon - Ответьте на вопрос:
What do noise and distortion result in - Ответьте на вопрос
Why is Sicily not as popular with tourist as the other similar Mediterranean islands - Ответьте на вопрос
What is the purpose of harbour charts - Ответьте на вопрос
What are the main advantages of a wireless network - Ответьте на вопрос:
What distinguishes the MX Revolution among other high-end mice - Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the advantage of radiation therapy in treating tumours compared to other methods - Ответьте на вопрос:
What was the reason for aquaculture development in Europe in the Middle Ages? - Ответьте на вопрос:
Whose control are the appointments of judges in England under - Ответьте на вопрос:
What additive prevents spoilage of food due to bacteria - Ответьте на вопрос:
What does the abbreviation NS stand for - Ответьте на вопрос:
What did the desire to use land for more productive purposes lead to - Ответьте на вопрос
What chemical processes does baking of food involve - Ответьте на вопрос:
What can be done with the use of warhead acting due to its kinetic energy - Ответьте на вопрос:
When does a woman begin taking action - Ответьте на вопрос:
What do all the scientists connect ‘biosphere’ with? - Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the T34C characterized by - Ответьте на вопрос:
What advantage do tankers provide for other aircraft - Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the definition of efficiency in engineering - Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the positive side of violence?
Violence helps people … - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Cognitive theories
1. Cognitive theories are appropriate to the school situation, for they are concerned with knowing and thinking. They assume that perceiving and doing, shown in manipulation and play, precede the capacity to symbolize, which in turn prepares for comprehensive understanding. Although the sequence of motor-perceptual experience followed by symbolic representation has been advocated for a long time, Jean Piaget offered the first penetrating account of this kind of intellectual growth. His views have exercised great influence on educators.
2. Cognitive theories of learning also assume that the complete act of thought follows a fairly common sequence, as follows: arousal of intellectual interest; preliminary exploration of the problem; formulation of ideas, explanations, or hypotheses; selection of appropriate ideas; and verification of their suitability.
3. Teaching based on cognitive theories of learning recognizes, first, the growth in quality of intellectual activity and capitalizes on this knowledge by organizing instruction to anticipate the next stage in development but does not await it; otherwise there would be no instruction; i.e., instruction should pace development but not outstrip it. Second, it seeks to tune the learning situation to the sequences of the complete act of thought and to arrange, simplify, and organize the subject matter accordingly. Some educators emphasize strongly the arousal phase; in many modern science curricula there is, thus, the idea of inquiry training, which tries to arouse in the child a spontaneous rather than a directed interest. Other educators are concerned more with the middle intellectual phases of the thinking sequence — especially the playing with hypotheses or hunches and the working with organizing ideas and concepts.
4. Once started, the motivation of cognitive learning depends less on notions of reinforcement and more on standards of intellectual achievement generated by the learner himself. Accordingly, the learner may begin to have aspirations and to set himself future standards that are influenced by his past performances and those of his fellows.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея
Educators treat the thinking sequence differently - Ответьте на вопрос
What source of noise can limit signal amplification provided by a receiver - Ответьте на вопрос
Who has an effective power over the curriculum in the school level