Тема Поисковое чтение с целью определения наличия в тексте запрашиваемой информации
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Caffeine-free coffee may be referred to as naturally processed one - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The use of HF/DF was given much credit, along with microwave radar, for the eventual defeat of the very serious German submarines threat - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Hog-cholera virus may be the reason for the deceleration of an animal’s growth - Определите, является ли утверждение:
If current trends continue, the next generation of small arms will no longer be stand-alone, line-of-fire weapons - Определите, является ли утверждение:
In ancient times safety was considered to be a matter of public concern - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere is an example of ecosystem services - Определите, является ли утверждение:
System theory was only applied to management at the turn of the century - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Realism and formalism
1. Even before the turn of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic and the formalistic. Realism and formalism are merely general, rather than absolute, terms. When used to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but in the end they are still just labels. Few films are exclusively formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist.
2. There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this distinction is often forgotten. Realism is a particular style, whereas physical reality is the source of all the raw materials of film, both realistic and formalistic. Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but what they do with this material – how they shape and manipulate it – determines their stylistic emphasis.
3. Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a minimum of distortion. The filmmaker tries to suggest the copiousness of life itself. Both realist and formalist film directors must select certain details from the chaotic sprawl of reality. But the element of selectivity in realistic films is less obvious. Realists try to preserve the illusion that their film world is unmanipulated, an objective mirror of the actual world. Formalists, on the other hand, deliberately stylize and distort their raw materials so that only the very naive would mistake a manipulated image of an object or event for the real thing.
4. We rarely notice the style in a realistic movie; the artist tends to be self-effacing. Some filmmakers are more concerned with what is being shown than how it is manipulated. The camera is used conservatively. It is essentially a recording mechanism that reproduces the surface of tangible objects with as little commentary as possible. A high premium is placed on simplicity, spontaneity, and directness. This is not to suggest that these movies lack artistry, however, for at its best the realistic cinema specializes in art that conceals art.
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World Bank
1. World Bank or International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is a multinational institution set up in 1947 to provide economic aid to member countries - mainly developing countries – to strengthen their economics. The Bank has supported a wide range of long-term investments including infrastructure projects such as roads, telecommunications and electricity supply; agriculture and industrial projects including the establishment of new industries, as well as social, training and educational programmes.
2. The Bank's funds come largely from the developed countries, but it also raises money on international capital markets. The Bank operates according to 'business principles' lending at commercial rates of interest only to those governments it feels are capable of servicing and repaying their debts.
3. In 1960, however, it established an affiliate agency, the International Development Association, to provide low-interest loans to its poorer members. Another affiliate of the World Bank is the International Finance Corporation which can invest directly in companies by acquiring shares.
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The Typhoon class submarine design presupposes the existence of more than 5 hulls - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Vitamin C cannot be synthesized in adequate quantities by any organisms - Определите, является ли утверждение:
X-ray examinations and special tests are provided at the first level of health care - Определите, является ли утверждение:
It’s more important for modern students to get more and more information than to develop skills of self-education - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The term biochemistry was originated in the beginning of the 20th century - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Hydrogen is the most obvious alternative to kerosene/gasoline-type fuels - Определите, является ли утверждение:
America is still trying to overcome the damage brought about by the Great Depression - Определите, является ли утверждение:
He also focused on insect hormone studies - Определите, является ли утверждение:
More than half of the water has been removed from fresh milk to produce evaporated milk - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The pollution of the oceans by radioactive waste is called greenhouse effect - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Common sense can always help a manager in solving various vital issues - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Many rocks are valuable in the natural condition and are usable without having undergone changes - Определите, является ли утверждение
Many private colleges failed to survive without federal financial support - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Medicine on the Internet
1. On the whole, the Internet has had a very positive effect on the practice of medicine; a wide range of information is available to physicians and patients through personal computers almost instantaneously at any time and from anywhere in the world. This medium holds enormous potential for delivering up-to-date information, practice guidelines, journal contents, textbooks, and direct communications with other physicians and specialists, thereby expanding the depth and breadth of information available to the physician about the diagnosis and care of patients.
2. Most medical journals are now accessible online, providing rapid and comprehensive sources of information. This medium also serves to lessen the information gap felt by physicians and health care providers in remote areas of the world by bringing them into direct and instant contact with the latest developments in medical care.
3. Patients, too, are turning to the Internet in increasing numbers to acquire information about their illnesses and therapies and to join Internet-based support groups. Physicians are increasingly faced with the prospect of dealing with patients who arrive with sophisticated information about their illness. In this regard, physicians are challenged in a positive way to keep themselves abreast of the latest relevant information while serving as an «editor» for the patients as they navigate through this seemingly endless source of information.
4. A critically important caveat is that virtually anything can be published on the Internet, with easy circumvention of the peer-review process that is an essential feature of quality publications. Physicians or patients who search the Internet for medical information must be aware of this danger. Notwithstanding this limitation, appropriate use of the Internet is revolutionizing information access for physicians and patients and in this regard is a great benefit that was not available to our predecessors.
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The first safe steam-powered roped elevator was designed in 1850 - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The cost of ship building is very high - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The first of the viral vaccines produced was for measles - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Metals are dielectrics - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Soil organisms have nothing to do with above-ground animals - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The role of consumers is extremely important for American economy - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Helicopters have no adjustments to reduce vibration - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The subject of the painting is closely connected with the time period an artist lives in - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Concrete has only a limited importance for architecture - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Flexography is applied to a wide variety of packaging materials, such as cardboard and plastic containers - Определите, является ли утверждение:
After taking their training course the candidates are supposed to pass exams and receive a degree - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The aircraft is lifted with elevators - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Pencils and markers are out-of-date tools and are no longer used in graphic design - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Habitat is the basic unit of landscape studies - Определите, является ли утверждение:
All the plankton eaters are small in size - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Demand
1. One of the most important building blocks of economic analysis is the concept of demand. When economists refer to demand, they usually have in mind not just a single quantity demanded, but what is called a demand curve. A demand curve traces the quantity of a good or service that is demanded at successively different prices.
2. The most famous law in economics, and the one that economists are most sure of, is the law of demand. On this law is built almost the whole edifice of economics. The law of demand states that when the price of a good rises, the amount demanded falls, and when the price falls, the amount demanded rises.
3. It is not just price that affects the quantity demanded. Income affects it too. As real income rises, people buy more of some goods (which economists call normal goods) and less of what are called inferior goods. Urban mass transit and railroad transportation are classic examples of inferior goods. That is why the usage of both of these modes of travel declined so dramatically as postwar incomes were rising and more people could afford automobiles.
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Present law fully protects trademark rights as the website itself is the product purchased - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Shipbuilding is an important and strategic industry in Europe - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Entwicklungsländer
1. Der gebräuchlichste Maβstab zur Messung des Lebensstandards von Staaten ist das Pro-Kopf-Einkommen oder das Sozialprodukt je Einwohner, das die Wirtschaftsleistung ausdrückt. Entwicklungsländer sind danach solche, in denen das Pro-Kopf-Einkommen nicht mehr als ein Viertel des Einkommens der Industrieländer beträgt.
2. Weil das Sozialprodukt als alleinige Maßgröße viele Mängel aufweist, müssen weitere Kriterien zur Kennzeichnung eines Entwicklungslandes herangezogen werden, z.B. Bildungsstand, technische Entwicklung, Nahrungsmittelversorgung, Arbeitslosenzahl, Infrastruktur usw.
3. Man spricht von einem Nord-Süd-Gefälle und einem West-Ost-Gefälle in der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, weil sich die meisten Entwicklungsländer in südlichen und östlichen Teilen der Welt (Asien, Afrika, Südamerika) befinden. Äußerlichen Ausdruck fand die Konfrontation zwischen Industrieländern und Entwicklungsländern als „Nord-Süd-Konflikt“ mit der so genannten Erdölkrise zu Beginn der 70er Jahre.
4. Die Entwicklungsländer forderten eine neue Weltwirtschaftsordnung, die ihnen eine günstigere finanzielle Lage gewährleistete. Dies sind auch noch ihre heutigen Forderungen, denn bislang ist nur wenig realisiert worden. Die Forderungen werden meist im Rahmen der UNCTAD-Konferenz (Welthandelskonferenz) vertreten.
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‘Biosphere’ is defined by geochemists as the amount of all living organisms - Определите, является ли утверждение:
The term “heterogeneity” has been known since prehistoric times - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Structural engineering was a separate discipline specialising in the application of mathematical models in building - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Animal organs contain much more protein than blood plasma - Определите, является ли утверждение:
If the university teacher offers the individual course, he has wide academic freedom - Определите, является ли утверждение:
It became possible to determine two-dimensional structure of compounds and macromolecules with the aid of Ernst’s discoveries - Определите, является ли утверждение:
Environmental control provides freedom of movement to sick animals - Определите, является ли утверждение:
There are three fundamental principles of human-like image recognition