Тема Изучающее чтение с элементами анализа информации
- Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Inadequately assessed agricultural strategies may significantly disturb the ecosystem - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Fish migration modes can be divided into several classes - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
To keep milk powder from caking or sticking anticaking agent is used - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Artists often use costumes and makeup in their stage performing activity - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Radio signals may be transmitted in different ways - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Aesthetics studies the nature of beauty - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There are two different ways of becoming a mayor - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Evolution
1. A central organizing concept in biology is that life changes and develops through evolution, and that all life-forms known have a common origin. Introduced into the scientific lexicon by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck in 1809, Charles Darwin established evolution fifty years later as a viable theory by articulating its driving force: natural selection. Evolution is now used to explain the great variations of life found on Earth.
Darwin theorized that species and breeds developed through the processes of natural selection and artificial selection or selective breeding.
2. The evolutionary history of the species – which describes the characteristics of the various species from which it descended – together with its genealogical relationship to every other species is known as its phylogeny. Widely varied approaches to biology generate information about phylogeny. These include the comparisons of DNA sequences conducted within molecular biology or genomics, and comparisons of fossils or other records of ancient organisms in paleontology.
3. The theory of evolution postulates that all organisms on the Earth, both living and extinct, have descended from a common ancestor or an ancestral gene pool. This last universal common ancestor of all organisms is believed to have appeared about 3.5 billion years ago.
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What is the essence of the evolution theory - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
An animal’s appearance is vital for diagnosing diseases - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Systems theory gives scientists a better understanding of the nature of managing processes - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A software firewall prevents any outside use and access to your computer - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Automation
1. Automation is the use of control systems in concern with other applications of information technology to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.
2. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities.
3. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Tasks requiring subjective assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as high-level tasks such as strategic planning, currently require human expertise. In many cases, the use of humans is more cost-effective than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial tasks is possible.
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How does automation benefit to people - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Organic compounds are important elements of a living organism - Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
Automated machines possessing certain humanlike characteristics - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Air traffic is controlled and directed in accordance with international guidelines - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The design of the A 380 provides room for bars, shops, beauty salons - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Fish species are enormous in number and diverse - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Mass market unites the trends set by the famous designers with large quantity production - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
In ancient Greece recreational architecture had religious roots - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A successful engineer must be able to avoid unnecessary losses of energy and materials - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
During the life-threatening events the building population use a system of exits - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A worldwide network of facilities gathers information for making weather forecasts - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
The Renaissance
1. This architectural style, the resource of inspiration for many European architects, developed in early 15th century Italy during the rebirth of classical art and learning. It succeeded the Gothic as the style dominant in all of Europe after the mid 16th century into classicism. Knowledge of the classical style in architecture was derived during the Renaissance from two sources: the ancient classical buildings, particularly in Italy, but also in France and Spain and the treatise “De architectura” by the Roman architect Vitruvius. Initially, it was characterized by the use of the classical orders, round arches, and symmetrical composition.
2. The Renaissance architects found a harmony between the proportions of the human body and those of their architecture. There was even a relationship between architectural proportions and the Renaissance pictorial device of perspective. The concern for proportion caused that clear, measured expression and definition of architectural space and mass that differentiates the Renaissance style from the Gothic. Churches, palaces, gardens, and well-organized open, urban spaces are the architectural works most often associated with this time.
3. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) is said to have created the Renaissance. In the early 15th century he formulated linear perspective, which was to become a basic element of Renaissance art. His basic vocabulary – fluted pilasters carrying entablatures, columns supporting arches, unribbed vaults which are portions of the surface of a sphere – appears in his brilliant work, Ospedade degli Innocenti (1419-51) in France. It was the first building in the Renaissance manner.
4. The Italian Renaissance is assumed to have achieved the highest degree of perfection in the early 16th century. In 1505 Pope Julius II decided to build St. Peter’s Cathedral, the work of many architects, beginning with Bramante, whose ground plan was later changed from a Greek cross to a Latin cross. St. Peter’s Cathedral is the largest church in the high Christian world. It has 29 altars in addition to the high altar. The dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral was built by Michelangelo.
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What source did the architects of the Renaissance period get information on the classical style in architecture from - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The stability of a VoIP call is one of the problems this technology faces - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Travel agents have a wide range of responsibilities - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Climatic environment possesses some kind of symmetry and organization - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A flak vest helps to protect the soldier’s body - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The Galileo satellite navigation system is intended for both peaceful and military purposes - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There are a lot of languages existing in the world - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Electronic Communication and Informatics are areas of interest for nanotechnology - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The new system will improve navigation in many fields - Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
Highway systems created, worldwide Net could be expanded at a phenomenal rate - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Wood is composed from three main matters - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
High-resolution data is provided by meteorological satellites - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
METIS-M and KORNET are truly multi-role weapons - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Early Russian Architecture
1. Russian borrowed its early architecture, like its icon painting, from Byzantium. From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries early towns were built on defensive sites on high river banks. From afar were visible low white walls with towers, churches with brilliant domes and bell towers. The finest examples of traditional architecture can be seen in the towns of Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo and Sergiev Posad.
2. In Russia, timber has always been the most natural building material. Russian carpenters decorate the diverse structures they were building with beautiful carved decorations above windows and porches. One can see such decorations on log-cabins, fortress towers, huge cathedrals, churches and monasteries.
3. Wooden and masonry architecture developed side by side in medieval Russia, one stimulating and gratifying the love for verticality and slenderness, the other satisfying a yearning for massiveness, monumentality, and lavish decoration in the expression of power and splendour. The few remaining examples of the ancient wooden structures are now in Rostov and also in the museums of wooden buildings in Novgorod, Kostroma and Suzdal. These examples show the skill and gift of their builders to harmonize the building proper with the landscape. Wooden architecture predominates in Northern Russia and in some of the older settlements and towns of the Siberia, such as Tyumen.
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What was early Russian architecture derived from - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The notion of a free market - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Caffeine containing materials include hot drinks - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
There is a type of sedimentary rocks formed from organic materials of different origin - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The strength of a tree depends on the proportion of fibres in woody tissues - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The basis on which mineral deposits are generally classified is defined - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The acceptance of the concept of managing parks so as to maintain their natural qualities by U.S. National Park Service - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
ASSEMBLY LINE
1. An assembly line is industrial arrangement of machines, equipment, and workers for continuous flow of workpieces in mass-production operations. It is designed by determining the sequences of operations for manufacture of each product component as well as the final product. Each movement of material is made as simple and short as possible. Work assignments, numbers of machines, and production rates are programmed so that all operations performed along the line are compatible.
2. An automotive assembly line starts with a bare chassis; components are attached successively as the growing assemblage moves along a conveyor. Parts are matched into subassemblies on feeder lines that intersect the main line to deliver body parts, engines, and other assemblies. As the units move past, each worker along the line performs a specific function. Each part and tool is delivered to its point of use in synchronisation with the line. A number of different assemblies are on the line simultaneously, but an intricate system of scheduling and control ensures that the appropriate body type and colour, trim, engine, and optional equipment arrive together to make the desired combinations.
3. Automated assembly lines consist entirely of machines run by machines. In such continuous-process industries as petroleum refining and chemical manufacture and in many modern automobile-engine plants, assembly lines are completely mechanised and consist almost entirely of automatic, self-regulating equipment.
4. Most products, however, are still assembled by hand because many component parts are not easily handled by a simple mechanism. The number of products automatically assembled is steadily increasing but at a low rate because a product must be designed for automatic assembly and must be accurately and consistently manufactured. Expensive and somewhat inflexible, automatic assembly machines are economical only if run at very high outputs. However, the development of versatile automatic machinery and industrial robots is increasing the flexibility of fully automated assembly operations.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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The performance of an automotive assembly line - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
It is cheaper to use trains than airplanes while traveling in Europe - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Fishing affects marine life in view of its safety and feeding - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Forest health
1. The importance of pests and their negative impacts on forests are often underestimated. Pest outbreaks can contribute either directly or indirectly to economic and environmental losses. Insects and diseases can have adverse effects on tree growth and survival, yield and quality of wood and non-wood products, wildlife habitat, recreation and scenic and cultural value. Yet they are integral components of forests.
2. Invasive plant species can also cause damage through competition and prevention of regeneration of native tree species, posing new challenges especially to the in situ conservation of forest biological diversity. Pollution is another threat to forest health and vitality.
3. Insects and diseases influence the health of natural and planted forests, trees also outside forests and other wooded lands. Movement of insects and diseases has been facilitated by increased long-range air travel and reduced travel time, increased international trade of agricultural and forest products, and the exchange of plant material. Forest pests can be extremely destructive, as seen in recent years in both developed and developing countries.
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What does forest health depend on - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The capabilities and limitations of the printing technologies have affected the modern typographic design - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
In one part of Africa different pieces of a sculpture are made of various materials - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Charter schools of the USA
1. Charter schools are public schools that are independent of any local school district. National surveys of charter school have found high levels of satisfaction among parents, pupils and teachers associated with then. Charter schools were especially well received by poor and minority families.
2. Charter school is a movement toward school reform that focuses on improving education, pupil autonomy and choice. A charter school may be a separate school with separate funding, or it can be a school within a school. Typically, most new charter schools around the country are small.
3. The quality is measured by test scores. If the quality is good, the schools enjoy success. If it is not good, they'll fail and lose their financing – this is a powerful motive to offer a high-quality program. Charter schools are usually formed by a group of teachers, parents, and/or community leaders who want to make contributions to education reform.
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What are the peculiarities with charter schools - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Being good at communication implies more successful life