Тема Изучающее чтение с элементами анализа информации
- Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Law violation happens when low intentions predominate ethics - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The necessary conditions for a geyser to be active - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Veterinary medicine deals with zoonoses prevention and treatment - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Living organisms can be studied at different levels - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Crop alteration and biotechnology
1. Crop alteration has been practiced by humankind for thousands of years, since the beginning of civilization. Altering crops through breeding practices changes the genetic make-up of a plant to develop crops with more beneficial characteristics for humans, for example, larger fruits or seeds, drought-tolerance, or resistance to pests.
2. Crop breeding includes techniques such as plant selection with desirable traits, self-pollination and cross-pollination, and molecular techniques that genetically modify the organism. Domestication of plants has, over the centuries increased yield, improved disease resistance and drought tolerance, eased harvest and improved the taste and nutritional value of crop plants.
3. Careful selection and breeding have had enormous effects on the characteristics of crop plants. The green revolution popularized the use of conventional hybridization to increase yield many folds by creating «high-yielding varieties». For example, average yields of corn (maize) in the USA have increased from around 2.5 tons per hectare (t/ha) (40 bushels per acre) in 1900 to about 9.4 t/ha (150 bushels per acre) in 2001. Variations in yields are due mainly to variation in climate, genetics, and the level of intensive farming techniques.
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What technique of artificial crop breeding is proved in a practical manner - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Portable small arms became lighter with the greater potential - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
In offset printing paper passes through the special oven to prevent the ink smudging - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The methods of solid-state electronics turned out to be very useful for making some electrical components - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Education
1. Education has as one of its fundamental aspects the imparting of culture from generation to generation. It is an application of pedagogy, a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning and draws on many disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, sociology and anthropology.
2. The education of an individual human begins at birth and continues throughout life. Some believe that education begins even before birth, as evidenced by some parents' playing music or reading to the baby in the womb in the hope it will influence the child's development.
3. For some, the struggles and triumphs of daily life provide far more instruction than does formal schooling (thus Mark Twain's admonition to "never let school interfere with your education"). Family members may have a profound educational effect – often more profound than they realize – though family teaching may function very informally.
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Why do some parents try to educate an unborn baby - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The head of Green Action group gives his view of the development - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Ancient people used different materials for writing symbols - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The four arresting wires drag landing aircraft to a stop - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Early Modernism
1. With the Industrial Revolution, the availability of newly-available building materials such as iron, steel, and sheet glass drove the invention of new building techniques. In 1796, Shrewsbury mill owner Charles Bage first used his ‘fireproof’ design, which relied on cast iron and brick with flag stone floors. Such construction greatly strengthened the structure of mills, which enabled them to accommodate much bigger machines. Due to poor knowledge of iron's properties as a construction material, a number of early mills collapsed. It was not until the early 1830s that Eaton Hodgkinson introduced the section beam, leading to widespread use of iron construction.
2. This kind of austere industrial architecture utterly transformed the landscape of northern Britain, leading to the description of places like Manchester and parts of West Yorkshire as “Dark satanic mills”. The Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton at the Great Exhibition of 1851 was an early example of iron and glass construction, followed in 1864 by the first glass and metal curtain wall. A further development was that of the steel-framed skyscraper in Chicago around 1890 by William Le Baron Jenney and Louis Sullivan.
3. Around 1900 a number of architects and designers around the world began developing new solutions to integrate traditional precedents (classicism or Gothic, for instance) with new technological possibilities. The work of Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in Chicago, Victor Horta in Brussels, Antoni Gaudi in Barcelona, and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, among many others, can be seen as a common struggle between old and new. The work of some of these were a part of what is broadly categorized as Art Nouveau ("New Art").
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Why was Charles Bage’s mill called fireproof - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There was special technology for making clear window glass - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The main types of the sewing machine frames - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Safety sensors and safety sensing devices are used in many spheres of human life - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Violence is the problem which is widely discussed by social scientists - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Plasma Cutters
1. Modern industry depends on the manipulation of heavy metal and alloys. We need metals to build the tools and transportation necessary for day-to-day business. The reason is simple: metals are extremely strong and durable, so they're the logical choice for most things that need to be especially big, especially sturdy, or both.
2. The funny thing is that metal's strength is also a weakness: because metal is so good at resisting damage, it's very difficult to manipulate and form into specialized pieces. People can precisely cut and manipulate the metals using the plasma cutter. The plasma cutter is actually a common tool that has been around since World War II.
3. Plasma cutters are not the only devices to harness the power of plasma. Neon signs, fluorescent lighting and plasma displays, just to name a few, all rely on it to get the job done. These devices use "cool" plasma. Though cool plasma cannot be used to cut metals, it has tons of other useful applications.
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How is the effectiveness of plasma used in industry - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Travel agents have a wide range of responsibilities - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Botany
1. Botany is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines concerned with the study of plants, algae and fungi, including structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, diseases, chemical properties, and evolutionary relationships between taxonomic groups. Today botanists study over 550,000 species of living organisms.
2. The study of plants is vital as they are a fundamental part of life on Earth, which generates oxygen, food, fibres, fuel and medicine that allow humans and other life forms to exist. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that in large amounts can affect global climate. Additionally, plants allow us to produce food to feed an expanding population, produce medicine and materials, understand environmental changes more clearly.
3. Virtually all foods eaten come from plants, either directly from staple foods and other fruit and vegetables, or indirectly through livestock or other animals, which rely on plants for their nutrition. Plants are the fundamental base of nearly all food chains because they use the energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil and atmosphere, converting them into a form that can be consumed and utilized by animals.
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Why do people pay so great attention to the study of plant life - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The first attempts of climatic classifications go back to ancient times - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The main goal of differentiated spaces is interconnection - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Conduction and radiation are both used for roasting meat - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The Galileo satellite navigation system is intended for both peaceful and military purposes - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Preservice education
1. The first stage of preservice education is the study of one or more principal subjects that the student is preparing to teach. For example, students in many colleges of education in England study only one principal subject, to which they devote about one-third of their total time. In the United States, the first two years of college or university work may include some principal subjects. Both patterns have their critics, the first because it produces narrow intellectual specialists, the second because it encourages dilettantism and inadequate depth.
2. The second stage of preservice education includes the study of philosophy, sociology, history of education, and educational psychology. These courses contribute to the student’s general education and personal development as well as providing him with knowledge of differences in individual educability or educational opportunity.
3. The third stage of preservice education includes the study of teaching methods, that is, the set of special methods and principles that are used when teaching a particular subject. 4. The last stage of preservice education is teaching practice, usually carried own in model schools attached to colleges or universities. For example, a typical model school for medical students is a teaching hospital, where they receive practical training from experienced doctors.
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How many principle subjects should the students study - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Depending on the purpose, level sensing devices can be mounted a few different ways - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Vitamins are different in their structures - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The prevailing significance of public transport was decreasing with the appearance of private car ownership - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Typhoon’s total physical parameters of velocity and diving depth - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The fundamental questions raised by the three co-authors of the «Textbook of Geology» are presented without a sufficient answer given - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
During five centuries printing technology remained almost the same - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Motors, cylinders, actuators, hoses and tubes are used in hydraulic machinery - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The education of children with learning disabilities
1. A learning disability is a mental problem that children may have from birth, or that may be caused by illness or injury, that affects their ability to read, write, or calculate. Though its causes and nature are still not fully understood, it is widely agreed that the presence of a learning disability does not indicate subnormal intelligence. Rather it is thought that the learning-disabled have a neurologically based difficulty in processing language or figures.
2. Learning disabilities may be diagnosed through testing, and children may be enrolled in programs offering special help. Left unrecognized, learning disabilities may result not only in poor classroom performance but also in low self-esteem and disruptive behaviour. Normal intelligence, low self-esteem and disruptive behaviour indicate that a learning disability is not only a mental problem but also a social problem.
3. A child’s disruptive behaviour or low self-esteem can be cured not only by personal psychiatrists but also by proper social environments in the class created by the teacher. Neurology as the scientific study of nerves and their diseases in addition to social adjustments are to help the learning-disabled to overcome their learning disabilities. Children with learning disabilities require highly specialized techniques, usually on an individual basis.
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How is it possible to determine a child with a learning disability - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Marine engineering skills are required when building a ship - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Some scientists use narrow meanings of ‘biosphere’ - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Deforestation
1. Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. The term deforestation is often misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. However in temperate climates, the removal of all trees in an area – in conformance with sustainable forestry practices – is correctly described as regeneration harvest. In temperate climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the absence of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic.
2. Deforestation occurs for many reasons: trees or derived charcoal are used as, or sold, for fuel or as lumber while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock, plantations of commodities and settlements.
3. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Deforested regions typically incur significant adverse soil erosion and frequently degrade into wasteland. Deforestation also causes extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of populations as observed by current conditions and in the past through the fossil record.
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What factors influence natural regeneration of forest stands in temperate climate - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The definition of a towing tank - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Cave paintings are located in different parts of the world - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Placer deposits are formed by stream action - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Prosperity Decade
1. The 1920s were a period of great change in American life that lasted nearly ten years. The First World War had just ended, and a time of gay abandon, economic prosperity, and social change had set in. An unpopular prohibition law made it seem that breaking the law could be acceptable and even commonplace. The tone of the times was one of excitement, of excesses, of new freedom.
2. During the 1920s many people made money by buying shares, or stocks, in different companies. The price of a company's stock depends on business condition. If many buyers want to buy stock in a company, the price of the stock will rise. If many stock owners want to sell their stock, the price will go down. In the 1920s stock prices seemed to go in only one direction: up. There were stories of shoeshine boys and office workers who made fortunes in the stock market in one day.
3. People were making more money than ever before. Companies used advertising to encourage people to buy their products. Advertising became important to business during the 1920s. Another way of encouraging people to buy more goods was called instalment buying. When people bought a thing on the instalment plan, they had to pay only a small part of the total price for the thing. Each month they paid another small some, called an instalment. People paid instalments until they had paid the whole price of the thing they had bought.
4. People were earning a lot of money, and the system of instalment buying seemed a good idea. But some experts warned that too many Americans owed too much money. If people suddenly lost their jobs, they would not be able to pay their debts. Then business would suffer. But few people listened to these warnings. Business was expanding. People kept buying on the instalment plan. The golden years were up to 1929 - and then came Black Tuesday, the day of October 1929 of the inevitable stock market crash, that spanned ten years.
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What encouraged people to buy more goods - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Some scientific discoveries of the 20th century were devoted to the optimally-balanced animal diet - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Main features that distinguish cellular systems from other radiotelephone systems - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Religion symbolism is brought into architecture by the rulers who have divine attributes - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
To be the amateur radio operator one must obtain the high-standard licenses - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Ancient people used different materials for writing symbols - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The approach lighting system indicated direction and angle of descent of aircraft - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The foundation of sociology is closely connected with the name of philosopher Auguste Comte - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The name of the new cartographical system being developed by the Geodesium of Earth’s Bio-sphere department is mentioned - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Conduction and radiation are both used for roasting meat - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Family tourism in France is highly developed