Тема Изучающее чтение с элементами анализа информации
- Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The METIS-M system complies with all the requirements of modern AT warfare - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Various textile materials used in the ancient world - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
An ill animal should be examined by a veterinarian - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Fish species are enormous in number and diverse - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The capabilities and limitations of the printing technologies have affected the modern typographic design - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Either modern or traditional materials are used to reinforce a building structure - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
What is law?
1. The English word "law" means various forms of behavior. Some laws are descriptive: they simply describe how people, or even natural phenomena, usually behave. An example is the law of gravity; another is laws of economics. Other laws are prescriptive − they prescribe how people ought to behave. For example, the speed limits are laws that prescribe how fast we should drive.
2. In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are customs - that is informal rules of social and moral behavior. Some are rules we accept if we belong to particular social and cultural groups. And some are laws made by nations and enforced against all citizens.
3. Customs need not be made by governments, and they need not be written down. We learn how we are to behave in society through the instruction of family and teachers, the advice of friends, etc. Sometimes, we can break these rules without any penalty. But if we continually break the rules, other members of society may criticize us, or refuse to have anything to do with us. The rules of social instructions are more formal than customs, carrying penalties for those who break them. Sports clubs, for example, often have detailed rules for their members. But if a member breaks a rule and refuses to accept any punishment, the club may ask him or her to leave the club.
4. However, when governments make laws for their citizens, they use a system of courts and the police to enforce these laws. Of course, there may be instances where the law is not enforced against someone - such as when young children commit crimes, or when certain people are able to escape justice by using their money or influence.
Ответьте на вопрос
What rules can people sometimes break without any penalty - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Applications of radar
1. The information provided by radar includes the bearing and range (and therefore position) of the object from the radar scanner. It is thus used in many different fields where the need for such positioning is crucial. The first use of radar was for military purposes: to locate air, ground and sea targets. This evolved in the civilian field into applications for aircraft, ships and roads.
2. In aviation, aircraft are equipped with radar devices that can warn of obstacles in or approaching their path and give accurate altitude readings. They can land in fog at airports equipped with radar-assisted ground-controlled approach (GCA) systems, in which the plane's flight is observed on radar screens while operators radio landing directions to the pilot.
3. Marine radars are used to measure the bearing and distance of ships to prevent collision with other ships, to navigate and to fix their position at sea when within range of shore or other fixed references such as islands, buoys, and lightships. In port or in harbour, vessel traffic service radar systems are used to monitor and regulate ship movements in busy waters.
4. Radar has invaded many other fields. Meteorologists use radar to monitor precipitation. It has become the primary tool for short-term weather forecasting and to watch for severe weather such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, winter storms, precipitation types, etc.
Ответьте на вопрос:
Whу are the applications of radar vitally important for people - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Radio waves
1. Radio waves were first predicted by mathematical work done in 1865 by James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell noticed wavelike properties of light and similarities in electrical and magnetic observations. He then proposed equations that described light waves and radio waves as waves of electromagnetism that travel in space. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the reality of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves by experimentally generating radio waves in his laboratory. Many inventions followed, making practical the use of radio waves to transfer information through space.
2. The study of electromagnetic phenomena such as reflection, refraction, polarization, diffraction and absorption is of critical importance in the study of how radio waves move in free space and over the surface of the Earth. Different frequencies experience different combinations of these phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere, making certain radio bands more useful for specific purposes than others.
3. In order to receive radio signals, for instance from AM/FM radio stations, a radio antenna must be used. However, since the antenna will pick up thousands of radio signals at a time, a radio tuner is necessary to tune in to a particular frequency (or frequency range). This is typically done via a resonator (in its simplest form, a circuit with a capacitor and an inductor). The resonator is configured to resonate at a particular frequency (or frequency band), thus amplifying sine waves at that radio frequency, while ignoring other sine waves. Usually, either the inductor or the capacitor of the resonator is adjustable, allowing the user to change the frequency at which it resonates.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What property of radio waves caused making a lot of other important inventions - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Geothermal energy can be found in different places - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Cultural works must be protected against undesirable temperature and humidity conditions, as well as exposure to light and ultraviolet light - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The use of food irradiation reduces nutritional value of food - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The court decided about Mr Howarth that he should pay a fine and be prohibited from driving for a year - Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
A successful engineer must be able to avoid unnecessary losses of energy and materials - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Climate changes are considered to be due to massive exhaust of CO2 - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There is only one Internet protocol used by the Web for the data transmission - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Collecting of artworks has a long history - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
More complex classification became possible with electron microscopy development - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
A stroke
1. A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is the rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by blockage (thrombosis, arterial embolism), or a hemorrhage. As a result, the affected area of the brain cannot function, which might result in an inability to move one or more limbs on one side of the body, inability to understand or formulate speech, or an inability to see one side of the visual field.
2. A stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage and death. Risk factors for stroke include old age, high blood pressure, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), diabetes, high cholesterol, tobacco smoking and atrial fibrillation. High blood pressure is the most important modifiable risk factor of stroke. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide.
3. An ischemic stroke is occasionally treated in a hospital with thrombolysis (also known as a «clot buster»), and some hemorrhagic strokes benefit from neurosurgery. Treatment to recover any lost function is termed stroke rehabilitation, ideally in a stroke unit and involving health professions such as speech and language therapy, physical therapy and occupational therapy.
4. Prevention of recurrence may involve the administration of antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin and dipyridamole, control and reduction of high blood pressure, and the use of statins. Selected patients may benefit from carotid endarterectomy and the use of anticoagulants.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What measures should be taken to avoid recurrence of a stroke - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There are two types of noises - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Enforcing the law
1. Governments have many ways to be sure that citizens obey the law. They explain to the public what the law is and try to provide social support for law and order. They use police forces to investigate crimes and catch criminals. They use courts to complete the investigation of criminal and civil offences and to pass sentences to punish the guilty and deter others. And they try to re-educate and reform people who have broken the law. Which of these is most effective in enforcing the law?
2. The laws of all countries are in written records – the legal codes of countries, etc. Many people do not know where to find these records. But ignorance of the law is almost never a defence for breaking it. Governments usually expect citizens to know the laws. However, there are many laws, such as those prohibiting theft, assault and dangerous driving, which simply reflect social and moral attitudes to everyday behavior. In such cases a person knows he is breaking the law, even if he doesn't know exactly which law it is.
Ответьте на вопрос
What are the main functions of the police in enforcing the law - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Any new organism should adapt to the environment in which it exists - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The main types of the sewing machine frames - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Caffeine containing materials include hot drinks - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Major fields of activity of people and institutions concerned with safety - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Family practice is one of the recently established medical specialities - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Personality
1. In long-term studies of personality, some of the most core parts of personality remain stable throughout life. Three aspects that do tend to change as we age are anxiety levels, friendliness and eagerness for novel experiences. According to researcher Paul T. Costa, there is no evidence our overall personalities change as we grow older. What changes as you go through life are your roles and the issues that matter most to you. People may think their personality has changed as they age, but it is their habits that change, their vigor and health, their responsibilities and circumstances – not their basic personality.
2. In the past, researchers have debated exactly how many personality traits exist. Early researchers such as Allport suggested that there were as many as 4,000 distinct personality traits, while others such as Raymond Cattell proposed that there were 16. Today, many personality researchers support the five-factor theory of personality, which describes five broad personality dimensions that compose human personality: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness.
3. It is very likely that when you think about people's online identities, you might imagine that most people try to present an idealized version of their real selves. After all, in most online situations you get to pick and choose the information you want to reveal. You get to select the most attractive photos of yourself to post and you can edit and revise your comments before you make them. Surprisingly, one study discovered that Facebook profiles are actually quite good at conveying your real personality.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What usually changes as we grow older - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Soil organisms provide chemical and mechanical support of soil - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The comparison of GPS and Loran - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Britain used to be a wonderful green country - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Child Psychology
1. Generally speaking, psychology is the study of the mind and how it works. The main issues studied by psychologists include learning, cognition, intelligence, motivation, emotion, personality, and the extent to which individual differences are shaped by genetics or environment. The methods used in psychological research include observation, interviews, psychological testing, laboratory experimentation, and statistical analysis.
2. One of the fields of psychology closely connected with education is child psychology. Child psychology is the study of psychological processes of children, specifically, how these processes differ from those of adults, how they develop from birth to the end of adolescence, and how and why they differ from one child to the next.
3. The data of child psychology are gathered from a variety of sources. Observations by relatives, teachers, and other adults, as well as the psychologist’s direct observation of and interviews with a child, provide a significant amount of material. In some cases a one-way window or mirror is used so that children are free to interact with their environment or others without awareness that they are being watched. Personality tests and intelligence tests have also proved useful in understanding child development. The principle topics of child psychology include language acquisition and development, personality development, and social, emotional, and intellectual growth.
Ответьте на вопрос:
When do children behave naturally - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Believes, customs, traditions can be considered to be one of the elements of culture - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея
The snow came into the carriage because there was no door at the platform between the carriages. - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
A rotor element is a compulsory part of any propulsor - Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
Differences in the functions of scientists and engineers - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Etiology of anorexia nervosa
1. The etiology of anorexia nervosa is unknown but appears to involve a combination of psychological, biologic, and cultural risk factors. Risk factors, such as sexual or physical abuse and a family history of mood disturbance, are best viewed as nonspecific risk factors that increase vulnerability to a range of psychiatric disorders, including anorexia nervosa.
2. Patients who develop anorexia nervosa are inclined to be more obsessional and perfectionist than their peers. The disorder often begins as a diet not distinguishable at the outset from those undertaken by many adolescents and young women. As weight loss progresses, the fear of gaining weight grows; dieting becomes stricter; and psychological, behavioral, and medical aberrations increase.
3. Numerous physiologic disturbances, including abnormalities in a variety of neurotransmitter systems, have been described in anorexia nervosa. It is difficult to distinguish neurochemical, metabolic, and hormonal changes that may have a role in the initiation or perpetuation of the syndrome from those that are secondary to the disorder.
4. Genetic factors contribute to the risk of development of anorexia nervosa, as its incidence is greater in families with one affected member and the concordance in monozygotic twins is greater than in dizygotic twins. However, specific genes have not been identified.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What factors contribute to the initiation of anorexia nervosa - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
In ancient times concrete began to be used in building new types of structures - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The types of recyclables are numerous - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
Microbiological methods are not implemented to all groups of vitamins - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The definition of a towing tank - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Adolf Butenandt is known to be a prominent scientist and a director of scientific institution - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
There was a great growth of TV audience after the World War II - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Specialized Accounting
1. Accounting and Bookkeeping is the process of identifying, measuring, recording, and communicating economic information about an organization or other entity. Bookkeeping is the record-keeping aspect of accounting. Accounting principles are applied in the preparation of financial statements and other financial information. Of the various specialized areas of accounting that exist, the three most important are auditing, income taxation, and accounting for non-business organizations.
2. Auditing is the examination, by an independent accountant, of the financial data, accounting records, business documents, and other documents of an organization in order to attest to the accuracy of its financial statements. Large private and public enterprises also maintain an internal audit staff to conduct examinations concerned with operating efficiency and managerial effectiveness.
3. Income taxation is the second specialized area of accounting. Preparing an income tax form consists of collecting information and presenting data in a certain order; therefore, both individuals and businesses frequently hire accountants to determine their taxes.
4. Accounting for non-business organizations, such as universities, hospitals, churches, trade and professional associations is the third area of specialization. These organizations differ from business enterprises in that they do not have a profit orientation, and they have no defined ownership interests. As a result, these organizations have differences in record keeping, in accounting measurements, and in the format of their financial statements.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the purpose of conducting an internal audit - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Research on motivation is also concerned with how students’ goals influence the way of performing academic tasks - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
We know thousands of minerals, but only few are found in the Earth’s crust - Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
“Causal decoupling” is one of the characteristics of a proper level - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
There are different definitions of the chemical industry - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The notion of a free market - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The collaborative mode of teaching
1. Teachers display a wide variety of behaviors in the classroom. Despite the existence of divergent teaching styles, a significantly large portion of the adult education literature supports the collaborative mode as the most effective and appropriate style for teaching adults. Strong arguments can be found in the literature to support the concepts that the curriculum should be learner-centered, learning activities should be related to the learner's experiences, adults are self-directed, the learner should be involved in entrance and exit assessments, adults are problem-centered, and the teacher should function as a facilitator.
2. The collaborative mode is a process-oriented approach to teaching. The emphasis is upon what the learner is doing. The teacher's primary task is to organize and maintain an environment which facilitates student learning. In this way adult education is a cooperative venture in which the learner is a full partner. The curriculum is built around the particular problems and life situations of the learners rather than around a predetermined set of subjects for the classification of knowledge. Its content is problem-centered with subjects used as examples and vehicles of learning.
3. The collaborative mode depends on active student participation. The learner is involved in needs diagnosis, goals formation, and outcomes evaluation. To achieve this, the student's experiences are utilized. Learning activities are related to life experiences to help students become more aware of significant events in their lives. Experiences serve as a constantly growing resource for learning and can stimulate adult engagement in learning.
Ответьте на вопрос:
Why are teachers of adults called facilitators - Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея:
The METIS-M system integrates the respective advantages of guided and unguided anti- tank weapons