Тема Распознавание значений слов по контексту
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Squares and rectangles are shapes. Squares have four sides. Rectangles also have four sides. Triangles do not; they have three sides. Circles are also shapes but they do not have sides - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения.
Those seeking employment will want to investigate all available possibilities. The following are the main sources of information about job vacancies.
– Job centers.
– Employment agencies.
– Local careers officers.
– Newspaper advertisements.
– Friends and relatives.
Advertisements are the most common way of publicising a job vacancy and inviting applications. Prospective applicants should read the advertisement carefully. Not only it will give important information about the job and the firm, but it may also offer clues of what should be included in the letter of application.
In some cases it may be acceptable to type a letter, in others the advertisement may state that the application should be in “first hand”, in which case the letter should be handwritten, preferably on plain paper. It is sensible to make a rough draft of the proposed letter before writing it out in detail - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The water for drinking and domestic purposes is generally supplied by rivers, lakes, wells and springs. Such waters usually contain salts of calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium, organic matters and traces of different gases from the atmosphere. There is also a variety of suspended matter in natural water - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
An electric current is a flow of electricity. There are two kinds of electricity, positive and negative. Glass rubbed with silk is positively charged, ebonite rubbed with fur is negatively charged.
Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. The leaf electroscope is used to detect, distinguish and measure charges.
The ultimate particle of negative electricity is called the electron; that of positive electricity is called the proton - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
The Internet originated in the early 1970s when the United States wanted to make sure that people could communicate after a nuclear war. This needed a free and independent communication network without a centre and it led to a network of computers that could send each other e-mail through cyberspace - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Since the Stone Age, man has found many more materials that he can work with to his advantage. His ingenuity has led him to discover the potential of many natural products. However, the materials that helped him most to develop were the metals - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that interchange data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a “network of networks” that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies.
The Internet carries various information resources and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer and file sharing, online gaming, and the inter-linked hypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW) - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
Videoconferencing: This is communicating via a live video link over the Internet. Conferencing and telephony applications usually cost no more to use than a local phone call, whether you are speaking to someone across town or on the other side of the world. However, they require a very fast, stable connection to the Net, special software; and of course, a video camera, microphone and speakers. Teachers have been making active use of this technology for several years now, especially in distance education and cross-curricular project work - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
Modem: this is a small piece of equipment that translates the digital language your computer speaks into the analogue language used by the telephone, thereby enabling you to send and receive data. The name is a shortened form of modulate-demodulate (translation to analogue-translation to digital). Most new computers are sold with a modem already installed. If yours was not, you will need to do a bit of research into the latest models, to get the best speed and compatibility - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Copper had been smelted and used for two thousand years before the potential of iron become evident. In the course of smelting activities, no doubt iron ores and the substance resulting from smelting them were encountered - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
If you travel frequently, or want to read your e-mail in several different locations, you might want to register with one of the hundreds of companies that provide e-mail access through the Web. There is no charge for this service, since advertisers cover most of the operating costs, but there are two definite drawbacks to using Web-based e-mail. Firstly, the services are so popular that access to your mail can be very slow, and
secondly, because you must usually be online to use the service, you will be paying telephone and ISP charges for the entire time it takes you to read and reply to your messages - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
In the first half of the nineteenth century cast iron and wrought iron were introduced and used for industrial construction in Europe and North America. Steel was not widely used, being considered a rare and expensive building material. Inexpensive steel first began to be produced and used only with the invention of the Bessemer process, in the 1850s. From that period on, metal started to be used as rather popular and useful building material. The famous Eiffel Tower of Paris was constructed of wrought iron in 1889. By that period several steel frame skyscrapers had already been built in the United States. That was the beginning of the new era; a new highly useful and popular construction material had been born and introduced into building industry - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Traffic in Russia is on the right-hand side of streets and roads with traffic way wide enough for several cars moving abreast in one direction. It is forbidden to drive in the left-hand lane if the right-hand lane is free. In Great Britain traffic keeps to the left. Motorcars, motorvans, buses and cyclists must all keep to the left side of the road. In most other countries traffic keeps to the right - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Since 1890 to 1900 more than 11,000 miles of railway were built. By the end of 1925 the railway system had grown to 46,300 miles! The Baikal-Amur Line, more than 3,000 km long, was built in the Far East of our country, and the process of building new railway lines is going on - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The first materials which man discovered were copper and gold, because they occur naturally in the pure state. They were used because they could be shaped easily, gold being especially soft. The discovery that copper could be obtained in sufficient quantities for beating into vessels and weapons was an important step in the use of metals, but the discovery that copper ore would produce copper was probably accidental - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Every day is a market day in Hong Kong. The Chinese housewife is so insistent on fresh food that she will go to market not just once – but twice a day to make sure her family has the very best.
The Chinese have a great variety of green vegetables which are known to be not just good for people but also good for the soil. So Chinese markets have a much larger variety of green vegetables than anything else. There will also be many different types of fruit (most of it imported), along with thousands of ducks which arrive daily in Hong Kong from mainland China, and many varieties of fish - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
The World Wide Web (WWW) became available to everyone in 1991 and the number of Internet users grew from 600,000 to 40 million in five years. Today, that number is much larger and there are now many browsers that provide Web pages, information and other services. You can also do research, download music files, play interactive games, shop, talk in chat rooms and send and receive e-mail on the WWW - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Brick, stone, and timber are known to be the oldest building materials. Bricks belong to artificial (man-made) materials. Their production started in prehistoric times. Since then they have been produced and tested in all types of climate and in many countries. Thousands of years ago the builders in Egypt already knew the advantages of bricks and used them for construction. In those days the production of bricks was quite different from the modern one. Bricks were produced not by burning but by drying in the sun, as it was much sunshine in Egypt all the year round. Brick work was also popular in Rome, there being very few growing forests and as a result little timber there - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения.
As an agricultural region of the USA, the Northeast does not have large areas of good land. Small farms are numerous in this region. Most are around 81 hectares in size. In the Middle Atlantic states grains, fruits, and vegetables are grown. There is extensive farming in the New England states with one crop being grown. Maine is famous for potatoes. The Connecticut River valley is known for tobacco. Dairy and poultry farms are found in several areas - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Level 5 is the robot. This is the system which is powered and programmed to produce a succession of identical products or carry out a series of similar operations. The human can instruct the robot to vary its actions in accordance with variations which it observes in the surrounding situation - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Before the Superstar and the Air Jordan, there was the Converse ‘All-Star’. The All-Star became popular in the 1920s and it was the original basketball shoe. It remained a best-seller until the arrival of Adidas and Nike. Converse couldn’t complete with Adidas’ and Nike’s high-tech trainers but traditional All-Star remained popular. By the end of 2000, more than 600 million pairs of All-Stars had been sold - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого грамматического явления
The products are finely made by using high quality genuine surface material and advanced technology. With the latest style, the shoes are comfortable, beautiful and noble. “Quality First, Service Supreme” is our quality policy. We will supply you with good after – sale service according to the stipulations if there are any quality problems during the course of “Quality - Guarantee” - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Safe operation of freight and passenger trains requires a system of signaling. To inform the locomotive and train crew of the position of other trains in relation to their own, signals installed at frequent intervals give indications which are visible both by day and by night. Wayside signals installed along railroad tracks are called fixed signals - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
For some drugs the addition of auxiliary substances is found to be necessary to overcome certain difficulties in their tabletting.
The application of different pressure during tabletting plays a very important role. Tablets that should dissolve in the mouth, must be more strongly compressed than the tablets for internal administration - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Rappers Run DMC sang about their favourite trainers in the 1986 hit ‘My Adidas’. The group were fans of the Adidas ‘Superstar’ shoe. The Superstar was worn without any laces. It was the coolest trainer on the street until Nike and Reebok became popular in the late 80s - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
The traditional American family consisting of a husband, wife and children is becoming less and less frequent. More people who are illegally married are living together. More and more children are being raised in single-parent families, by both poor women and by women who are professionally employed. Others postpone marriage and childbirth and as a consequence bear fewer children than women who marry earlier. Among the educated more and more couples are deciding to have fewer and fewer children. An exception to this trend occurs among blacks, Hispanics and among the very poor. In 1990 the size of the average American family was 3.2 individuals - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
As a form of international communication, the Internet has been in constant expansion since 1973, when the ARPAnet was first connected to the United Kingdom and Norway. Much of northern Europe was connected to the Net in the early 1980s. Japan and Canada soon followed suit. A special link was established between Germany and China at about the same time. And then in the late 1980s the real growth began as Australia, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand and Puerto Rico joined the Net - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
One of the most difficult problems a young person faces is deciding what to do about a career. There are individuals, of course, who from the time they are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
In medicine the microchip will make the greatest changes to our lives. In the near future we shall all be able to have electronic parts for our bodies that will not wear out. We shall be able to do many things faster and better than we can do now. We shall be able to live much longer - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Machine-tools are machines designed for cutting metal by means of a cutting tool. The machine-tool comprises the principle manufacturing equipment in a machine shop. It is the original source of every manufactured article we use or touch. It can not only produce itself but it is the only machine which can create other machines - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения.
The Supreme Court is made up of lawyers who had long and successful experience before they were appointed to the Court. Not all were judges or lawyers in private practice. A Supreme Court Justice may have been a senator, an Attorney General, a teacher in a law school, or even the administrator of an agency that acts like a court. The typical justice was probably appointed at about the age of fifty, and will live from twenty to forty years on the court. He is therefore likely to be somewhat elderly, and also to have lived in close contact with the political world of the previous generation - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
Carefully read the demands made of the given position. The demand to know a foreign language is very important. In most cases there is a need for free command of the language – Fluent English. Free command implies an ability freely to deal with a foreign manager, competently to compile documents and speak on the phone. This demand may prove to be the most important - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The triangle of fire.
A fire needs three things to burn: ignition (a spark or flame to start the fire), air and fuel (something to burn, for example: wood.) If any one of these three things is removed, a fire cannot burn.
Never try to stop a fire unless you have called the emergency services first! Do not risk your own safety to fight a fire! - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого словосочетания.
A large modern supermarket has been opened recently not far from my block of flats and most often I go shopping there. I am its regular customer now.
When you come into the supermarket, you have to take a food basket or a shopping cart to put all the products you buy.
All the necessary foodstuffs can be bought here: meat, fish, milk, grocery, baked items, sweets, cooked sausages, smoked foods, vegetables and fruit.
In the meat aisle the customers can buy beef, pork, mutton, veal, poultry and game.
There is always a rich choice of fish there: live carp, pike, bream and sheat fish. There is much fresh-frozen fish: perch, cod, plaice and some other like pike-perch and sturgeon. There is herring, kipper and much tinned fish too - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
It is known that teaching is a very specific and difficult job. It shouldn’t be taken easily. The teacher is a person who is learning as well as teaching all his life. Most jobs can be done within the usual office hours from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m., but teacher’s work is never done and evenings are usually spent in marking exercise-books and preparing for the next lesson.
Teachers do not only teach their subjects. They develop their pupils’ intellect, form their views and characters, their attitudes to life and to other people. It’s a great responsibility and the teacher must be a model of competence himself. It’s not as easy as it may seem at first - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
There are two main types of theories: the theories of principles and the constructive theories. The theories of principles use analysis: we observe an event and explain it through the use of mathematics and experiments. Constructive theories, on the other hand, use synthesis. In these theories we use the information from the theories of principles to construct more complex theories. For example, the theory of principles proved that matter vibrates. Later, constructive theory used this information to prove that, sound, heat and radiation derive from vibration - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The environmental factors do not only affect agriculture, but they are also affected by the agricultural activity. Mineral fertilizers and chemicals used by farmers accumulate in the soil and in plants and may become harmful for people.
Thus, the farmers have to solve two problems. On the one hand they are to improve and intensify agricultural production and on the other hand they are to minimize the effect of agriculture on the environment - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The single-process machine or a tool with built-in auto-control can perform any process whenever it is fed with raw materials by the operator. It has its own source of power. An example is the automatic lathe in the use early in the 20th century - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
About three quarters of the earth’s surface is covered with liquid water. In vapour form water is also an important constituent of the earth’s atmosphere. In combined form water occurs in minerals (for example in gypsum). Moreover, water occurs in animals and vegetables tissues. It constitutes about 70 percent of the human body and over 90 percent of some vegetables - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
All over the world, tigers are in danger of extinction. Today natural scientists say that they cannot find any tigers in Bali, the Caspian region or in Java, in the South China, only about 30 tigers remain in four different areas – too far apart to meet and breed – and there are only four subspecies of tigers left in this area. India was once the home of many thousand of tigers – today there are only about 3000 living here. Russia has lost many tigers too. Only about 400 remain in Russia - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого грамматического явления
Universities usually select students on the basis of A-level results and an interview (students who wish to enter Oxford and Cambridge have to take certain exams). Those who have better A-level results are usually accepted. Higher education has become more available in the second half of the 20th century - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The symptoms of the disease were: the calf did not eat, had no appetite and looked ill. The fever was high. The course of the disease was very rapid. In a few hours the calf became very weak. I began to treat this calf and took constant care of it. I gave the calf some castor oil and reduced the amount of feed. In five days the calf was well again.
Our clinic is very nice. Collective farmers bring many sick animals to the clinic and we help them - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
There are no distinctions between different types of universities in Britain. But still there are some categories of them. First of all, Oxbridge, Oxford and Cambridge were founded in the medieval period. These universities consist of semi-independent colleges, each of them having its own staff (“Fellows”). The “Fellows” teach the college students either one-to-one or in very small group - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The main symptoms of tonsillitis are fever, cough, sore throat. The cause of the disease is a streptococcus. The incubation period is 2-5 days. The patients of all ages are susceptible to the disease. To treat the patient with tonsillitis we should give penicillin or substitute injections for 10 days. There are no any ways of prevention of tonsillitis - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
As the population increases, the problem of water supply in many desert regions becomes more urgent with every year.
Scientists consider that the best way to solve this problem is to construct plants that will use atomic energy to distill fresh water from the sea. It is believed that it will be cheaper to distill sea water than to make new freshwater reservoirs - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Any form of tool or complex machine which is used by a man forms a man/machine system. The purpose of the system may be to get a man or goods from one place to another; it may be to communicate, or it may be to manufacture some useful objects or to mine coal out the ground. Here we try to describe a man/machine system as the machine becomes more complex and relieve the man of many mechanical tasks - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Laws that set maximum interest rates are called usury laws. Usually such laws apply only to transactions involving the lending of money, not the buying of goods on credit. Also, the usury laws do not protect corporations because they are considered to be adequately protected by the abilities of their professional managers - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
The Internet - alias the Net - is also known as cyberspace, the information superhighway, the online community, the electronic library and the digital revolution: all a series of creative metaphors trying to define it. It has been hyped as the most significant development in communication tools since the invention of the printing press and then condemned as the end of civilization as we know it. So, what is it - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого грамматического явления.
In the grocery aisle you can see all kinds of cereals: oatmeal, semolina, rice, buckwheat, millet, pearl barley. You can buy cooking soda, spices, flour, pea, potato flour, salt, oil, macaroni, vermicelli, noodles and some other products. Everything is sold in ready packets.
You go to the dairy counter to buy milk products. There is always a wide choice of them: milk in bottles and packets, cream, kefir, sour cream, cheese, curds, cottage cheese, cream cheese, many kinds of yogurt, mayonnaise, margarine and butter. Most often eggs are sold in the dairy department too - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
Most countries have a wide range of ISPs (Internet Service Providers) on offer, so it is best to shop around before you choose one. You should look for an ISP with a local telephone number or you will be paying long-distance telephone call rates. In addition, you will need a supportive company to start with, one that gives you all the software, help setting it up, at least one e-mail account and perhaps even free space to have your own site on the World Wide Web. And that's really all you need to become a part of the online community