Тема Распознавание значений слов по контексту
- Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
The Supreme Court has the right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by Congress or any order issued by the President. This right of veto is widely used to block the passage of any progressive bills. The USA is divided into eleven judicial circuits and each one is served with a Federal Court of Appeals. As a rule the Court of Appeals sits with three judges on the bench - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Certain other substances absorb moisture from the air when they are exposed to it; these are said to be deliquescent. The impurities often present in common table salt are typical of this class of substances. Because these impurities tend to solidify upon absorbing moisture from the air the openings of a salt shaker clog in damp weather.
A substance that absorbs moisture from the air and becomes wet or dissolves in the moisture is called deliquescent - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
You can view many interesting websites with your browser. Some let you view and send e-cards for birthdays, holidays or other special occasions using your e-mail program. An e-card can contain pictures, cartoon animations, or play songs. You can type your own personal message on the card, change the music, preview it, or send it as a screen saver. Most e-cards open automatically in your e-mail, others give you a link to click. You usually view e-cards like a standard Web page - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Metals began to be widely used as construction materials not so long ago. Before the beginning of the nineteenth century metals played little structural role in the process of building. Mostly they served for joining parts of buildings. The ancient Greeks and Romans are known to use bronze for joining slabs of stone - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения.
Although a certain percentage of graduates will still be unemployed six months after leaving university, the majority will have found employment by then. Many of these will even have been offered a job while at university, as a result of visiting a job fair.
Job fairs are held at many universities each year. Companies come along to advertise jobs, which are usually in management, and the career structures and benefit packages that go with them. Job fairs are an effective way for undergraduates to find out what kind of job they might be interested in.
If you go to a job fair, dress professionally. Don’t wear jeans and a T-shirt. Wear a suit! You don’t want to look irresponsible when you have your first meeting with your potential employer. If you’re interested in a job on offer, you may have to fill out an application form, so it’s helpful to take along relevant information with you. You’ll also need proof of all your qualifications, so don’t forget to take photocopies of all your certificates with you - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Surgery has always been risky and even with modern anaesthetics, blood transfusions, and antiseptics, patients will still die from the trauma of pain, loss of blood, and infections. Apart from such complications, there are other dangers such as bad reactions to anaesthetics, problems with wound healing, deep vein thrombosis, dehiscence (the splitting open of a surgical wound), and, depending on the state of health of the patient, risks of lung and heart problems - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
It was in London that the word ‘smog’ (smoke+ fog) was first used. In the 19th century London’s thick smogs became famous through descriptions of them in the works of Charles Dickens and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The situation in London reached its worst point in 1952. At the end of that year a particularly bad smog, which lasted for several days, caused about 5,000 deaths. At one time, a scene of fog in a Hollywood film was all that was necessary to symbolize London. This image now is out of day - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
The Internet originated in the early 1970s when the United States wanted to make sure that people could communicate after a nuclear war. This needed a free and independent communication network without a centre and it led to a network of computers that could send each other e-mail through cyberspace - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
It is the main aim of education to help children to live in the community and to prepare for real life situations. School becomes a place for work and play, for living and learning. A teacher takes an active part in shaping a child’s character, fostering honesty, kindness, and cooperation.
Teaching is a very difficult job but those who are well equipped for will have a happy and interesting life - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
An excellent resume may help you get job of your dream and a poor resume may mean a lost opportunity.
Since this is the first piece of information a company will receive about you, it is critically important that your resume be well-written.
You should be presented at the beginning of any interview that you have with a company. Ideally, resume should not be longer than one page - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
Everyday etiquette of a businessman is based on 4 principles: politeness, tact, naturalness and dignity. Besides them there are some basic rules of everyday communication in different etiquette situations. Here are some of them:
- don't attract people's attention when there is no necessity in it. Remember: good manners are modest manners;
- meeting a new person try to grand him your full attention at least for four minutes;
- be friendly, polite and business-like;
- ask questions to maintain a conversation;
- don't use in your speech a lot of foreign words and expressions - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The power may come, for example, from an animal as in the case of a horse-drawn cart, from wind as for the sailing ship and windmill. Here the man is fully responsible for controlling the system but he requires devices such as switches, pedals and steering wheels to control the power system - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50%) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions, and their number is growing by thousands each month worldwide - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Protein is a component of every body cell and important for building the maternal blood supply. Protein also is necessary for fetal hair, skin, muscle, nerve tissue and brain development. Women need approximately 10 more grams of protein daily – a total of 60 grams a day – during the pregnancy - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Man has always been a builder. The kind of a house he built depended upon the climate, upon the enemies, and upon the building materials at hand. The first houses in many parts of the world were made of wood. Men tied together the tops of several trees and covered them with the skins of animals or with leaves and grass.
In other regions the most convenient building material was stone. Men began building houses out of stone very long ago. Although they were built without cement, the remains of a few of them still exist - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
A growing number of companies are no longer satisfied with traditional job interviews. Sometimes they give the candidates a series of written tests. These tests are not about mathematics or grammar. By these tests employers want to evaluate candidates on the following qualities:
– Does the candidate have creative and entrepreneurial abilities?
– Can the candidate be a leader?
– Is the candidate flexible and capable of learning?
– Does the candidate have enough skills and knowledge?
These tests are all part of a broader trend. Companies are getting much more careful about hiring.
Employers always looked for experienced workers – has the candidate done this before? Most companies have not changed this practice until now - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Philip Emeagwali. Philip Emeagwali, a Nigerian, left school at fourteen because his family couldn’t afford to pay. He continued studying on his own. At seventeen, he passed an exam and was invited to study in the USA. In 1990, while studying, he used mathematics to predict the location of oil under the ground. He helped people in Nigeria find oil. And everyone knows that oil = money! - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
There are a lot of institutions of higher education in our country. The Linguistic University, previously known as Maurice Thorez Institute of Foreign Languages, Pedagogic University, People’s Friendship University of Russia are well - known not only in Russia but also abroad - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Ductility is the ability of a material to deform without breaking. One of the great advantages of metals is their ability to be formed into the shape that is needed, such as car body parts. Materials that are not ductile are brittle. Ductile materials can absorb energy by deformation but brittle materials cannot - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
From their home, Christopher and his wife Dana spoke about their life since the accident.
- Did you suffer from depression after the accident?
- No. Four days after the injury, I came to, and realized my situation. Dana and I were in the hospital. The doctor said I was not going to pull through. Dana said: “But you’re still you, and I love you.” And that saved my life. Since that moment I have never thought of giving up. Of course, I’ve had moments of feeling sorry for myself, but never had thought of suicide - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
We know that an atom is made from protons and neutrons in a nucleus, and electrons spinning around this nucleus. The protons have a positive electric charge and the electrons have a negative electric charge. The neutrons have no electric charge. As the electrons spin around the nucleus, they produce small currents. These currents create a magnetic field around the electrons and the atom. This magnetic field makes the atom behave like a small magnet - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Folic acid is a vitamin important in protein metabolism, particularly in periods of rapid growth. Pregnant women should start the day with a good breakfast. Fortified ready-to eat cereal with milk and a glass of orange juice will provide at least half needs. Green leafy vegetables, liver and lentils are other good sources of folic acid - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
Some secured debt arrangements permit the creditor to have possession of the property until the debt is paid. One such lien is the pledge, which arises when personal property is given to a creditor as security for the payment of a debt, or for the performance of an obligation. The property may be either goods or documents representing property rights (for example, corporate stock). The pledger voluntarily gives up possession of the property. The pledgee receives possession - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Practically all building materials have their advantages and disadvantages. That’s why some materials are used most widely in building construction for the purpose of binding together masonry units. Among them are lime, gypsum and cement. Last material forms very important elements in all masonry structures, such as stone, a brick - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The first materials which man discovered were copper and gold, because they occur naturally in the pure state. They were used because they could be shaped easily, gold being especially soft. The discovery that copper could be obtained in sufficient quantities for beating into vessels and weapons was an important step in the use of metals, but the discovery that copper ore would produce copper was probably accidental - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
In addition to carbohydrates, fats, proteins, mineral salts and water, it is essential that the food of man and animals contains small amounts of the substances called vitamins, which the living organism is unable to manufacture by itself and which have to be supplied from other sources, namely diet. If anyone of same fifteen of more of these compounds is lacking in the diet, there occurs eventually a breakdown of metabolic processes that results in symptoms of malnutrition that are classed, at the deficiency diseases - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The first materials which man discovered were copper and gold, because they occur naturally in the pure state. They were used because they could be shaped easily, gold being especially soft. The discovery that copper could be obtained in sufficient quantities for beating into vessels and weapons was an important step in the use of metals, but the discovery that copper ore would produce copper was probably accidental - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
The US law consists of the following:
1. The Constitutions of the United States and of the 50 states, and charters or constitutions for cities or counties,
2. The statutes enacted by elected representatives
3. Administrative law, and
4. Case law, as expressed in court decisions.
These four types of laws – constitutional, statutory, administrative, and case – are each created by federal and state governments. Local governments generally create only statutory and administrative laws - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения.
Meetings are an important means of communication within organizations. They give the opportunity for exchange of ideas and collective efforts to solve problems and formulate policies. They also provide a convenient means of issuing instructions or information to many people at one time.
The principal officers of a meeting are the chairman, secretary and treasurer:
– The chairman is responsible for the correct conduct of the meeting.
– The secretary sends out notices of the meeting and a copy of the agenda, ensures meeting decisions are carried out.
– The treasurer is responsible for finance matters. Sometimes the job of secretary and treasurer are combined - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
Announcements of job opportunities can be read in different printed publications. By which of them is worth reacting to?
Don’t put much trust in ads in the yellow press. Solid companies place ads in prestigious expensive publications with a firm reputation.
Your main task is to understand whether the position being offered is consistent with the level of your skills, education, and experience in work - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Recently using of plastics in industrial application has grown. This growth has been due to their exceptional in-built qualities. Metal and timber often are more difficult to fabricate than plastics materials. Gears made of plastics produce less noise and vibrations than metal gears. We can say about an improvement of older materials for many purposes. New fields, which were not previously possible, have opened up - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого грамматического явления.
Hollywood is the center of the international movie industry, and American movies are distributed all over the world. They are made in English, but often dubbed into other languages. In some countries, 90 percent of the movies that people see are US productions. Sometimes, a film is not very popular with Americans, but people in other countries like it.
The first films were made in Hollywood in 1911. Between 1930 and 1945, the five largest Hollywood film studios produced most of the movies and owned most of the movie theaters in the United States - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Safety Engineering
This field of engineering has its subject the prevention of accidents. Safety engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers of hazardous occupations. They also assist in designing machinery, factories, ships, and roads, suggesting alternations and improvements to reduce accidents - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
As the old story shows, people have always thought the wind was angry and destructive while the sun was warm and life-giving. And everyone knows that the wind and the sun are very powerful.
In 1934, the wind blew at 372 kilometers per hour in New Hampshire in the USA. In 1958, a powerful wind called a tornado, in Texas, USA, blew at 451 kilometers per hour.
The temperature in the centre of the sun is about 15,400,000 degrees Celsius. It burns 4,400,000 tones of hydrogen every second. The light from the sun is so powerful that it gives life to planet Earth - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
The lathe is a machine-tool in which work is held so that it can be rotated about the axis. The cutting tool is traveled past the work from one end to the other. It is designed primarily for turning and boring operations. However, in addition to turning and boring, many other operations may also be performed on a lathe. The lathe is considered to be the oldest but still the most important of all machine-tools. Any shop, containing machines or machine-tools, contains a lathe - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ of the US and it meets in the Supreme Court Building in Washington. It’s a beautiful building of white marble. Above the main entrance the words are written”Equal Justice Under Law”. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the USA and eight Associate Justices. They are all appointed by the President and approved by the Senate - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения.
The terms “Internet” and “World Wide Web” are often used in every-day speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is the backbone of the World Wide Web. It is the underlying global data communications system, i.e., the hardware and software infrastructure. It provides connectivity between the Internet-based resources and services and the users of those facilities.
In contrast, the Web is only one of the services communicated via the Internet. The World Wide Web is a huge set of interlinked documents, images and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. These hyperlinks and URLs allow the web servers and other machines that store originals, and cached copies of these resources to deliver them as required using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). HTTP is only one of the communication protocols used on the Internet - Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово.
Early men did not have _______. They told time by the sun and the shadows of trees. At first, they used sticks placed in the ground instead of trees. They made marks on the ground, and the shadows from the sticks told the time of day - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения.
The National Health Service provides free treatment for residents of Belarus. Visitors may use the service if there are special agreements between their countries and Belarus. Otherwise they are expected to pay.
We have hundreds of doctors and paramedical workers including primary health workers, laboratory assistants and nurses. The fundamental principle of our health service is the preventation of diseases. Prophylaxis is a part of the state policy - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Numerals are signs or symbols for graphic representation of numbers. The earliest forms of numerical notation were simply groups of straight lines, either vertical or horizontal, each line corresponding to the number 1. Such a system was inconvenient when dealing with large numbers - Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово.
The cranberry is a North American berry that grows on a bush. The cranberry is small, round, red and very bitter. American Indians used the berries for food and medicine. When settlers first came from England in the 1600s, they liked these _______, too. The settlers had never seen the berries before. They decided to call them “crane berries”, because birds called cranes ate them - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
There are 51 basic legal systems in the United States: the federal system and a separate system in each of the 50 states. Although these systems are mainly similar, they also have important differences. For example, laws governing marriage and divorce are not the same in all states. The differences among legal systems exist because each of the original 13 states was previously sovereign (independent) - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения.
A lot of slithering silver fish make an attractive sight in the market – red mullet, sea bream, sea bass and the delicious swordfish. You will also find octopus, squid and cuttlefish.
Moving on to the meat stalls, you’ll see plenty of red carcasses. After all, what self-respecting cook would accept meat wrapped in polyethylene?
Meat is eaten very fresh, and you may well notice the difference in flavour. Lamb and beef are lean and tasty and have excellent quality. Goat has a pleasant, slightly gamy flavour; it’s very lean and well worth trying - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
The level of medical service both in Britain and the USA is very high. Every employed citizen is obliged to pay weekly a certain amount of money to the National Health Service. The sum necessary to run medical services is very big and a large part of it comes not from weekly forms payment but from taxes. Various forms of Medical Insurance are widespread in these countries.
Everything is paid. For example, in the USA if you turn to a city hospital, you should pay at least $50. Separately you will pay for a consultation, minimum $50–60 for a visit. A medicine will cost you another minimum $15–20. You should take a prescription for purchase of many drugs in American drugstores.
However you can take medical service free of charge in medical institutions attached to different charity and religious organizations. Thus, the National Health Service (NHS), UK, provides free medical treatment for visitors from EU and Commonwealth countries and to visitors from other countries with reciprocal health arrangements - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Most applicants for white-collar jobs get in touch with employers by mail. A letter to an employer should be type-written or neatly hand-written in ink. In the letter, introduce yourself and explain why you are writing. Briefly indicate any experience and skills you have that relate to the kind of job you are seeking. Finally, ask for an interview. Be sure include your address and telephone number so that the employer can reach you. If you contact an employer by telephone, try to provide the same information that you would cover in a letter - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова
A credit rating is an evaluation of one’s ability to pay debts. If credit is denied because of information in a credit report, the company denying credit must tell the applicant. The applicant may then demand that the reporting agency disclose the general nature of the contents of its file (except medical information) and the names of parties who were given this information. Names of those who provided the information need not be disclosed, however. If there is any error, the credit reporting agency must correct the record - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения
When you first open your browser it will often connect to the Internet automatically, taking you right onto the Web. The web page that opens each time you connect is the browser's home page, the index page of your program's web site, so that you can get instant help and bulletins about updates to the software you are using.
You will notice that the browser creates a kind of frame around the web page you are viewing. The top part of the frame, which has drop-down menus and a toolbar, looks a bit like a word-processing program - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Today we are going to the oriental market for shopping. It will be a wonderful trip. You’ll taste cheese, home-baked bread and smoked pork. Everything is cooked fresh, daily and the quality of the produce is superb. There is a huge variety of foods such as figs, beans, bitter herbs, olives, almonds and other nuts. Just look at the tomatoes ripened and so full of flavour, the crates full of peppers, aubergines and avocados.
You’ll find fresh herbs, such as parsley and leaf coriander, as well as some more exotic vegetables – okra, fresh black-eyed beans and purple leafy artichokes, oranges, grapefruit and lemons, strawberries and black cherries, plums, apricots, peaches and nectarines, watermelons and melons, sweet seedless grapes and pinkish grapes - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
There are several ways of classifying the different human rights. These are the most important components: the right to physical and mental integrity: the right to life and liberty and security of person – including freedom from torture and cruel or inhuman treatment, freedom from slavery; freedom from arbitrary arrest and other deprivations of liberty - Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Ophthalmic nurses examine and advise patients. They administer tests for visual acuity and do slit lamp examinations, test blood pressure and urine, and may make preliminary diagnoses and assist ophthalmologists in surgery. In many countries, the role of the ophthalmic nurse is expanding and they are now taking on a lot of the tasks formerly only performed by ophthalmologists. Now ophthalmic nurses treat cataracts with surgery known as laser capsulotomy, excise cysts in the eyelid, and do other minor surgical procedures